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  A. 
  T. 
  STANTON. 
  

  

  II. 
  The 
  Ports 
  Visited. 
  

  

  Bangkok. 
  

  

  Bangkok, 
  the 
  modern 
  capital 
  of 
  Siam, 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  both 
  banks 
  of 
  the 
  River 
  

   Menam, 
  in 
  latitude 
  13° 
  45' 
  North 
  and 
  longitude 
  100° 
  30' 
  East, 
  about 
  twenty-five 
  

   miles 
  up-stream 
  from 
  the 
  bar 
  at 
  the 
  river's 
  mouth. 
  The 
  city 
  proper, 
  the 
  government 
  

   offices, 
  banks 
  and 
  business 
  houses 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  left 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  ; 
  on 
  the 
  right 
  bank 
  

   are 
  rice 
  mills 
  and 
  other 
  industries 
  and 
  the 
  dwellings 
  of 
  a 
  large 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  

   population. 
  The 
  city 
  is 
  intersected 
  in 
  all 
  directions 
  by 
  a 
  network 
  of 
  canals. 
  

   The 
  estimated 
  population 
  is 
  625,000. 
  

  

  Trade. 
  — 
  The 
  trade 
  of 
  the 
  port 
  is 
  mainly 
  with 
  Singapore, 
  Hong 
  Kong, 
  Swatow 
  and 
  

   Hoihow. 
  There 
  is 
  also 
  direct 
  steamer 
  connection 
  with 
  Saigon 
  and 
  Batavia. 
  

  

  Temperature 
  and 
  Rainfall. 
  — 
  The 
  monthly 
  mean 
  temperature 
  of 
  Bangkok 
  is 
  above 
  

   80°F. 
  for 
  all 
  months 
  of 
  the 
  year 
  except 
  November, 
  December 
  and 
  January. 
  The 
  

   annual 
  mean 
  rainfall 
  is 
  about 
  57 
  inches. 
  The 
  months 
  May 
  to 
  October 
  are 
  wet 
  

   months 
  ; 
  December, 
  January 
  and 
  February 
  are 
  dry. 
  

  

  Water 
  Supply. 
  — 
  A 
  public 
  water 
  supply 
  for 
  Bangkok 
  was 
  installed 
  in 
  November 
  

   1914. 
  The 
  water 
  is 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  Menam 
  about 
  twenty-five 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  city, 
  

   carried 
  by 
  a 
  canal 
  to 
  the 
  filtering 
  plant 
  at 
  Bangkok 
  and 
  thence 
  distributed 
  in 
  pipes 
  

   over 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  on 
  the 
  left 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  river. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  this 
  public 
  supply, 
  which 
  is 
  as 
  yet 
  available 
  for 
  only 
  a 
  small 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  population, 
  there 
  are 
  artesian 
  wells, 
  shallow 
  wells 
  and 
  the 
  river 
  and 
  canals, 
  

   all 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  drawn 
  upon. 
  The 
  storage 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  jars 
  for 
  household 
  purposes 
  

   is 
  the 
  rule 
  in 
  Bangkok 
  among 
  the 
  poorer 
  classes. 
  

  

  Sanitation 
  and 
  Quarantine. 
  — 
  The 
  sanitary 
  administration 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  is 
  controlled 
  

   "by 
  the 
  Ministry 
  of 
  Local 
  Government. 
  Provision 
  is 
  made 
  for 
  three 
  European 
  medical 
  

   officers, 
  a 
  Bacteriologist, 
  and 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  Siamese 
  assistants. 
  No 
  special 
  measures 
  

   are 
  in 
  operation 
  for 
  the 
  reduction 
  of 
  mosquitos. 
  

  

  This 
  department 
  also 
  deals 
  with 
  quarantine 
  matters. 
  The 
  quarantine 
  station, 
  

   is 
  situated 
  at 
  Koh 
  Phra, 
  an 
  island 
  about 
  60 
  miles 
  from 
  Bangkok. 
  It 
  is 
  proposed 
  

   to 
  construct 
  a 
  new 
  station 
  on 
  the 
  river 
  about 
  15 
  miles 
  from 
  the 
  city. 
  

  

  Mosquitos. 
  — 
  An 
  investigation 
  was 
  made 
  in 
  late 
  October 
  and 
  early 
  November 
  

   of 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  mosquitos 
  in 
  all 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  by 
  examining 
  specimens 
  

   taken 
  in 
  houses 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  identification 
  of 
  larvae 
  taken 
  in 
  artificial 
  and 
  natural 
  

   collections 
  of 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  neighbourhood 
  of 
  houses. 
  

  

  The 
  following 
  list 
  of 
  species 
  is 
  in 
  order 
  of 
  comparative 
  frequency 
  of 
  their 
  

   occurrence. 
  

  

  (A). 
  Adult 
  mosquitos 
  taken 
  in 
  houses 
  : 
  — 
  Culex 
  fatigans, 
  Wied. 
  ; 
  Stegomyia 
  fas- 
  

   ciata, 
  F. 
  ; 
  Stegomyia 
  albopicta, 
  Skuse 
  (scutellaris 
  Theo.) 
  ; 
  Mansonioides 
  uniformis, 
  

   Theo. 
  ; 
  M 
  . 
  annulipes, 
  Walk. 
  ; 
  Culex 
  gelidus, 
  Theo. 
  ; 
  C. 
  concolor, 
  R. 
  D. 
  ; 
  C. 
  sitiens, 
  

   Wied. 
  ; 
  Mansonioides 
  annuliferus, 
  Theo. 
  ; 
  Anopheles 
  sinensis, 
  Wied. 
  ; 
  A. 
  sinensis 
  

   var. 
  peditaeniatus, 
  Leic. 
  ; 
  A. 
  rossi 
  var. 
  indefinitus, 
  Ludl. 
  ; 
  A. 
  barbirostris, 
  Wulp 
  ; 
  

   A. 
  fuliginosus, 
  Giles 
  ; 
  A. 
  fuliginosus 
  var. 
  nivipes, 
  Theo. 
  ; 
  Culex 
  halifaxi, 
  Theo. 
  ; 
  

   C. 
  fuscocephalus, 
  Theo. 
  ; 
  Uranotaenia 
  cancer, 
  Leic. 
  : 
  Anopheles 
  t 
  essellatus, 
  . 
  Theo. 
  

  

  