﻿340 
  A. 
  T. 
  STANTON. 
  

  

  Mosquitos. 
  

  

  (A). 
  Adults 
  taken 
  in 
  houses 
  : 
  — 
  Culex 
  fatigans, 
  Stegomyia 
  fasciata, 
  S. 
  fasciata 
  

   var. 
  luciensis, 
  Uranotaenia 
  cancer, 
  Anopheles 
  ludlowi, 
  C. 
  tritaeniorhynchus. 
  

  

  (B). 
  Larvae 
  from 
  artificial 
  collections 
  of 
  water 
  : 
  — 
  Stegomyia 
  fasciata, 
  S. 
  fasciata 
  

   var. 
  luciensis, 
  Culex 
  fatigans. 
  

  

  (C). 
  Larvae 
  from 
  natural 
  collections 
  of 
  water 
  : 
  — 
  Culex 
  fatigans, 
  C. 
  bitaeniorhynchus, 
  

   Anopheles 
  ludlowi, 
  A. 
  barbirostris. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  my 
  visit 
  mosquitos 
  were 
  not 
  numerous 
  at 
  Samarang 
  and 
  Stegomyia 
  

   fasciata 
  was 
  rarely 
  encountered 
  in 
  houses. 
  Larvae 
  of 
  this 
  species 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  

   jars 
  used 
  for 
  storing 
  water 
  in 
  houses. 
  The 
  admirable 
  public 
  water 
  supply 
  is, 
  I 
  think, 
  

   an 
  important 
  factor 
  in 
  keeping 
  down 
  the 
  numbers 
  of 
  mosquitos, 
  which 
  were 
  less 
  

   numerous 
  than 
  might 
  have 
  been 
  expected. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  W. 
  T. 
  De 
  Vogel 
  published 
  in 
  1909 
  (Geneesk. 
  Tijd. 
  v. 
  Ned. 
  Ind. 
  xlix, 
  no. 
  5) 
  

   an 
  account 
  of 
  malaria 
  infection 
  experiments 
  with 
  Anopheline 
  mosquitos 
  bred 
  

   from 
  larvae 
  taken 
  in 
  salt-water 
  pools 
  near 
  the 
  sea-coast 
  at 
  Samarang. 
  These 
  

   mosquitos 
  were 
  then 
  identified 
  as 
  Anopheles 
  (Myzomyia) 
  rossi, 
  Giles, 
  and 
  Dr. 
  De 
  

   Vogel's 
  results 
  gave 
  rise 
  to 
  some 
  controversy, 
  as 
  it 
  had 
  been 
  thought 
  that 
  A. 
  rossi 
  

   was 
  not 
  a 
  malaria-carrying 
  species. 
  During 
  my 
  visit 
  to 
  Samarang 
  I 
  re-examined 
  

   these 
  pools, 
  but 
  found 
  in 
  them 
  only 
  Anopheles 
  ludlowi, 
  Theo., 
  and 
  A. 
  barbirostris, 
  

   Wulp. 
  At 
  Soerabaia, 
  however, 
  in 
  similar 
  situations 
  I 
  took 
  large 
  numbers 
  of 
  larvae 
  

   of 
  Anopheles 
  rossi, 
  and 
  I 
  think 
  it 
  quite 
  probable 
  that 
  Dr. 
  De 
  Vogel 
  experimented 
  

   with 
  this 
  latter 
  species. 
  

  

  Soerabaia. 
  

  

  Soerabaia 
  is 
  situated 
  on 
  the 
  Kali 
  Mas 
  and 
  its 
  tributary 
  the 
  Kali 
  Pegirian 
  in 
  

   latitude 
  7° 
  14' 
  South 
  and 
  longitude 
  112° 
  44' 
  East. 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  long 
  narrow 
  city 
  stretch- 
  

   ing 
  along 
  the 
  banks 
  of 
  these 
  rivers. 
  Population 
  160,000. 
  

  

  Trade. 
  — 
  Soerabaia 
  is 
  the 
  commercial 
  metropolis 
  of 
  Java, 
  and 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  

   of 
  the 
  foreign 
  trade 
  is 
  executed 
  from 
  this 
  port. 
  Regular 
  steamship 
  services 
  are 
  

   maintained 
  with 
  Makasser 
  and 
  other 
  ports 
  in 
  Netherlands 
  East 
  Indies 
  and 
  with 
  

   Australia, 
  India 
  and 
  Europe. 
  

  

  Temperature 
  and 
  Rainfall. 
  — 
  The 
  climate 
  of 
  Soerabaia 
  resembles 
  that 
  of 
  Batavia 
  

   and 
  other 
  coast 
  towns. 
  The 
  annual 
  mean 
  rainfall 
  is 
  68 
  inches. 
  

  

  Water 
  Supply. 
  — 
  The 
  public 
  water 
  supply 
  of 
  Soerabaia 
  comes 
  from 
  the 
  hills. 
  It 
  

   is 
  a 
  constant 
  high 
  pressure 
  supply 
  and 
  is 
  distributed 
  over 
  the 
  whole 
  city. 
  

  

  Dr. 
  J. 
  T. 
  Terburgh, 
  Chief 
  of 
  the 
  Public 
  Health 
  Service 
  of 
  East 
  Java, 
  has 
  during 
  

   several 
  years 
  studied 
  the 
  important 
  question 
  of 
  supplying 
  the 
  native 
  population 
  

   with 
  pure 
  water 
  at 
  small 
  cost. 
  This 
  problem, 
  of 
  vital 
  importance 
  from 
  the 
  point 
  

   of 
  view 
  of 
  water-borne 
  diseases 
  such 
  as 
  cholera, 
  is 
  also 
  intimately 
  connected 
  with 
  

   the 
  question 
  of 
  Stegomyia 
  reduction 
  in 
  sea-port 
  towns. 
  Dr. 
  Terburgh 
  was 
  good 
  

   enough 
  to 
  demonstrate 
  to 
  me 
  the 
  methods 
  which 
  he 
  advocates 
  and 
  to 
  show 
  me 
  

   their 
  practical 
  working 
  in 
  a 
  native 
  kampong 
  of 
  Soerabaia. 
  

  

  Water 
  is 
  brought 
  to 
  each 
  house 
  in 
  pipes 
  and 
  by 
  means 
  of 
  a 
  permanent 
  water- 
  

   meter, 
  devised 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Terburgh, 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  water, 
  estimated 
  to 
  be 
  sufficient 
  for 
  

   drinking 
  and 
  domestic 
  purposes, 
  is 
  delivered 
  at 
  a 
  uniform 
  rate. 
  The 
  water 
  is 
  stored 
  

  

  