﻿347 
  

  

  INVESTIGATIONS 
  INTO 
  THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  PALPALIS. 
  

  

  By 
  W 
  F. 
  Fiske. 
  

  

  Introduction 
  and 
  General 
  Discussion. 
  

  

  These 
  studies 
  were 
  made 
  in 
  Uganda 
  on 
  the 
  islands 
  and 
  shores 
  of 
  Victoria 
  Nyanza, 
  

   in 
  territory 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  depopulated 
  some 
  years 
  before 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  tsetse-fly 
  

   and 
  sleeping 
  sickness. 
  They 
  were 
  begun 
  in 
  October 
  1913, 
  and 
  extended 
  over 
  two 
  

   full 
  years, 
  of 
  which 
  eighteen 
  months 
  were 
  spent 
  in 
  the 
  fly 
  belt 
  on 
  Victoria 
  Nyanza, 
  

   and 
  three 
  months 
  on 
  a 
  tour 
  into 
  Bunyoro, 
  where 
  for 
  the 
  time 
  being 
  (the 
  spring 
  

   of 
  1914) 
  Glossina 
  morsitans 
  was 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  greater 
  attraction 
  as 
  a 
  possible 
  vector 
  

   of 
  human 
  trypanosomiasis. 
  Seven 
  tours 
  were 
  made 
  from 
  headquarters 
  at 
  Entebbe 
  — 
  • 
  

   the 
  shortest, 
  of 
  three 
  days 
  only, 
  being 
  interrupted 
  by 
  the 
  War, 
  and 
  the 
  longest, 
  

   of 
  eight 
  full 
  months, 
  being 
  much 
  prolonged 
  by 
  the 
  War. 
  

  

  The 
  working 
  basis 
  unquestioningly 
  accepted 
  in 
  the 
  beginning 
  was 
  that 
  the 
  

   measures 
  adopted 
  in 
  1906-07 
  for 
  the 
  suppression 
  of 
  sleeping 
  sickness 
  in 
  Uganda 
  

   were 
  both 
  wise 
  and 
  necessary. 
  These 
  measures 
  called 
  for 
  complete 
  severance 
  of 
  

   contact 
  between 
  the 
  fly 
  and 
  the 
  native 
  populations 
  so 
  long 
  as 
  infection 
  was 
  present. 
  

   They 
  had 
  contemplated 
  originally 
  the 
  elimination 
  of 
  infection 
  through 
  complete 
  

   severance 
  of 
  contact 
  between 
  fly 
  and 
  population, 
  but 
  in 
  this 
  particular 
  had 
  failed 
  

   of 
  their 
  object, 
  for 
  the 
  trypanosome 
  persisted 
  both 
  within 
  and 
  without 
  the 
  depopulated 
  

   zone 
  ; 
  as 
  a 
  parasite 
  of 
  game 
  and 
  fly 
  within 
  it, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  human 
  parasite 
  in 
  the 
  

   riparian 
  populations 
  of 
  adjoining 
  sectors 
  of 
  the 
  lake 
  region 
  without 
  it. 
  They 
  

   therefore 
  required 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  fly 
  in 
  populated 
  districts, 
  or 
  as 
  a 
  prerequisite 
  

   to 
  reclamation 
  and 
  repopulation 
  of 
  territory 
  from 
  which 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  had 
  been 
  

   removed. 
  They 
  were 
  exactly 
  such 
  measures 
  as 
  are 
  absolutely 
  required 
  for 
  suppression 
  

   and 
  prevention 
  of 
  the 
  cattle 
  trypanosomiasis 
  transmitted 
  by 
  Glossina 
  morsitans 
  

   in 
  other 
  parts 
  of 
  Uganda 
  ; 
  and 
  going 
  on 
  the 
  perfectly 
  natural 
  assumption 
  that 
  a 
  

   close 
  parallel 
  existed 
  between 
  human 
  and 
  bovine 
  trypanosomiasis, 
  as 
  transmitted 
  

   by 
  Glossina 
  palpalis 
  and 
  Glossina 
  morsitans, 
  respectively, 
  the 
  wisdom 
  and 
  necessity 
  

   of 
  the 
  measures 
  was 
  not 
  questioned. 
  

  

  The 
  economic 
  or 
  practical 
  objective 
  of 
  the 
  studies 
  was 
  the 
  sanitation 
  and 
  

   reclamation 
  of 
  the 
  fly-infested 
  territory 
  ; 
  the 
  more 
  immediate 
  and 
  technical 
  objective, 
  

   therefore 
  (proceeding 
  on 
  the 
  above 
  assumption), 
  was 
  the 
  extermination 
  of 
  fly 
  as 
  

   a 
  sanitary 
  prerequisite 
  to 
  reclamation. 
  To 
  exterminate 
  a 
  species 
  is 
  to 
  restrict 
  

   its 
  range 
  or 
  distribution. 
  Therefore, 
  the 
  most 
  immediate 
  objective 
  was 
  made 
  

   that 
  of 
  identifying 
  and 
  studying 
  those 
  factors 
  in 
  the 
  bionomics 
  or 
  " 
  control 
  " 
  of 
  

   the 
  species 
  which 
  operate 
  in 
  nature, 
  or 
  which 
  might 
  be 
  operated 
  by 
  artifice, 
  to 
  delimit 
  

   and 
  determine 
  or 
  to 
  " 
  control 
  " 
  its 
  range. 
  

   (659) 
  Wt.P4/140. 
  1,000 
  5.20 
  B.&F.,Ltd. 
  Gp. 
  11. 
  A 
  

  

  