﻿INVESTIGATIONS 
  INTO 
  THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  PALPALIS. 
  385 
  

  

  The 
  shells 
  had 
  all 
  hatched, 
  and 
  none 
  had 
  been 
  eaten 
  or 
  destroyed 
  by 
  small 
  

   predators. 
  

  

  This 
  particular 
  colony 
  is 
  the 
  one 
  and 
  only 
  inland 
  infestation 
  discovered 
  at 
  any 
  

   point 
  which 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  quite 
  independent 
  of 
  colonies 
  on 
  shore, 
  and 
  this 
  is 
  the 
  

   only 
  occasion 
  on 
  which 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  adequate 
  to 
  sustain 
  an 
  independent 
  colony 
  

   have 
  been 
  found 
  except 
  in 
  old 
  or 
  recent 
  deposits 
  of 
  beach 
  sand 
  or 
  gravel. 
  

  

  The 
  conditions 
  are 
  unique 
  in 
  many 
  respects. 
  The 
  very 
  dense 
  forest 
  which 
  clothed 
  

   the 
  slopes 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  was 
  a 
  strong 
  deterrent 
  to 
  dispersions 
  of 
  fly. 
  The 
  local 
  environ- 
  

   ment 
  was 
  far 
  from 
  being 
  attractive, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  doubtful 
  if 
  the 
  flies 
  would 
  

   have 
  remained 
  in 
  it 
  if 
  the 
  thick 
  forest 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  so 
  relatively 
  less 
  attractive. 
  

   But 
  they 
  were 
  walled 
  in 
  as 
  on 
  an 
  island, 
  or 
  as 
  in 
  a 
  great 
  breeding 
  cage 
  — 
  it 
  chanced 
  

   that 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  regular 
  supply 
  of 
  food 
  — 
  it 
  chanced 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  protection 
  for 
  

   the 
  pupae 
  — 
  and 
  in 
  consequence 
  the 
  flies 
  remained 
  and 
  bred. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  no 
  reason 
  why 
  such 
  colonies 
  should 
  not 
  be 
  found 
  at 
  any 
  distance 
  from 
  

   the 
  water 
  front, 
  except 
  that 
  such 
  conditions 
  are 
  exceedingly 
  rare 
  in 
  this 
  region. 
  

  

  Y 
  (e). 
  Dispersion 
  of 
  Fly 
  inland 
  from 
  the 
  Mainland 
  Shore. 
  

  

  At 
  numerous 
  points 
  on 
  the 
  mainland 
  it 
  was 
  ascertained 
  that 
  inland 
  dispersion 
  

   of 
  fly 
  was 
  no 
  more 
  extensive 
  than 
  is 
  usual 
  on 
  the 
  islands. 
  The 
  two 
  notable 
  exceptions 
  

   follow. 
  

  

  Dumo 
  Point, 
  Buddu, 
  June 
  1915. 
  

  

  Dumo 
  Point 
  is 
  a 
  peninsula, 
  with 
  a 
  hill 
  and 
  old 
  plantations, 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  

   mainland 
  by 
  an 
  open 
  plain. 
  It 
  is 
  in 
  large 
  part 
  dense 
  jungle. 
  Near 
  the 
  very 
  centre, 
  

   about 
  500 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  lake 
  shore 
  on 
  two 
  or 
  three 
  sides 
  was 
  a 
  semi-open 
  space, 
  

   kept 
  grazed 
  by 
  hippo, 
  in 
  which 
  grew 
  great 
  quantities 
  of 
  guava. 
  Bush-buck 
  was 
  

   rather 
  common. 
  A 
  herd 
  of 
  bush-pig 
  had 
  a 
  retreat 
  in 
  the 
  jungle 
  and 
  clearly 
  marked 
  

   trails 
  showed 
  where 
  it 
  made 
  regular 
  rounds 
  of 
  the 
  guava 
  thickets 
  for 
  the 
  fallen 
  fruit. 
  

   In 
  the 
  immediate 
  vicinity 
  of 
  this 
  thicket, 
  but 
  not 
  elsewhere 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  usual 
  

   narrow 
  belt 
  along 
  shore, 
  Glossina 
  was 
  common. 
  The 
  catches 
  stand 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  Male 
  Female 
  

  

  Density. 
  Percentage. 
  

   Points 
  along 
  shore 
  of 
  peninsula 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  11*6 
  . 
  . 
  61*2 
  

  

  At 
  guava 
  thicket, 
  500 
  yards 
  inland 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  8 
  '8 
  . 
  . 
  21*4 
  

  

  The 
  shelter 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  was 
  quite 
  attractive, 
  but 
  no 
  more 
  so 
  than 
  at 
  many 
  other 
  

   points 
  ; 
  the 
  inland 
  dispersion 
  of 
  fly 
  was 
  distinctly 
  unusual 
  and 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  both 
  

   bush-buck 
  and 
  bush-pig, 
  the 
  latter 
  particularly, 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  the 
  presence 
  

   of 
  fly 
  was 
  thus 
  explained. 
  

  

  Bujaju 
  Peninsula, 
  July- 
  August 
  1915. 
  

  

  Bujaju 
  Peninsula 
  is 
  an 
  extensive 
  tract 
  of 
  land, 
  almost 
  an 
  island, 
  but 
  with 
  the 
  

   deep 
  bays 
  behind 
  it 
  choked 
  permanently 
  with 
  sudd. 
  Its 
  shore 
  is 
  very 
  marshy, 
  and 
  

   principally 
  fringed 
  with 
  papyrus 
  ; 
  but 
  inside 
  the 
  papyrus 
  are 
  open 
  spaces^ 
  with 
  

   occasional 
  bits 
  of 
  sandy 
  soil, 
  or 
  traces 
  of 
  old 
  beach 
  line, 
  and 
  these 
  are 
  sparsely 
  infested 
  

   by 
  tsetse. 
  The 
  interior 
  is 
  much 
  of 
  it 
  " 
  impenetrable 
  " 
  jungle, 
  cut 
  with 
  great 
  numbers 
  

   of 
  hippo 
  trails, 
  and 
  with 
  clearings, 
  closely 
  cropped 
  by 
  hippo, 
  where 
  once 
  were 
  villages 
  

  

  