﻿INVESTIGATIONS 
  INTO 
  THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  PALPALIS. 
  387 
  

  

  The 
  whole 
  area 
  forms 
  a 
  triangle, 
  with 
  its 
  base 
  against 
  the 
  higher 
  ground 
  (densely 
  

   forested) 
  and 
  its 
  apex 
  lost 
  in 
  the 
  tangled 
  mass 
  of 
  vegetation 
  that 
  stretches 
  outwards 
  

   into 
  the 
  sudd. 
  

  

  Crossing 
  this 
  area, 
  some 
  distance 
  from 
  and 
  very 
  roughly 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  forested 
  

   base 
  of 
  it, 
  is 
  a 
  sandy 
  ridge, 
  densely 
  overgrown 
  with 
  shrubbery 
  and 
  jungle. 
  The 
  

   tangled 
  marsh 
  is 
  beyond 
  this 
  ridge, 
  and 
  inside 
  it 
  are 
  the 
  game 
  pastures, 
  very 
  closely 
  

   cropped 
  by 
  hippo 
  and 
  bush-buck. 
  (Hippo 
  crop 
  almost 
  as 
  closely 
  as 
  sheep, 
  using 
  

   their 
  horny- 
  edged 
  lips.) 
  The 
  ridge 
  is 
  an 
  ancient 
  beach 
  line 
  and 
  affords 
  fair 
  breeding 
  

   grounds 
  and 
  adequate 
  shelter, 
  which 
  is 
  supplemented 
  by 
  the 
  patches 
  of 
  jungle 
  

   scattered 
  over 
  the 
  game 
  pasture. 
  

  

  In 
  addition 
  to 
  bush-buck, 
  which 
  were 
  unusually 
  common, 
  were 
  plenty 
  of 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  recent 
  tracks 
  of 
  water-buck, 
  bush-pig 
  and 
  buffalo, 
  which 
  came 
  out 
  from 
  the 
  

   forest, 
  and 
  from 
  other 
  game 
  pastures 
  2,000 
  to 
  3.000 
  yards 
  through 
  the 
  forest. 
  

  

  The 
  infestation 
  along 
  the 
  ridge 
  was 
  interesting 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  Male 
  Female 
  

  

  Catch. 
  Density. 
  Ratio. 
  

  

  At 
  break 
  in 
  sudd, 
  and 
  hippo 
  landing 
  195 
  44*5 
  54*3% 
  

  

  200 
  yards 
  from 
  open 
  water, 
  on 
  ridge 
  114 
  29*0 
  49*1% 
  

  

  700 
  ., 
  „ 
  „ 
  64 
  20-0 
  37-5% 
  

  

  1,100 
  „ 
  „ 
  „ 
  55 
  20-0 
  27-2% 
  

  

  1,500 
  „ 
  „ 
  „ 
  17 
  6-5 
  23-5% 
  

  

  There 
  could 
  be 
  little 
  doubt, 
  in 
  this 
  case, 
  that 
  the 
  bush-buck 
  were 
  mainly 
  responsible 
  

   for 
  inland 
  dispersion, 
  for 
  they 
  greatly 
  outnumbered 
  the 
  other 
  game 
  animals 
  ; 
  

   of 
  Varanus 
  there 
  was 
  none, 
  of 
  crocodile 
  but 
  few, 
  and 
  the 
  hippo 
  herd 
  slept 
  far 
  away 
  

   from 
  its 
  nightly 
  pasture. 
  

  

  There 
  was 
  also 
  infestation 
  at 
  open 
  points 
  in 
  the 
  forest 
  at 
  distances 
  believed 
  to 
  be 
  

   2,500 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  lake, 
  but 
  it 
  was 
  slight 
  and 
  not 
  accurately 
  measured. 
  At 
  the 
  

   game 
  pastures 
  from 
  3,000 
  to 
  5,000 
  yards 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  open 
  water 
  — 
  not 
  far 
  from 
  the 
  

   western 
  sudd 
  field 
  — 
  no 
  fly 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  ; 
  water-buck 
  was 
  the 
  principal 
  species 
  

   grazing 
  in 
  them. 
  

  

  V 
  (/). 
  Dispersion 
  of 
  Fly 
  inland 
  from 
  Lake 
  Shore 
  along 
  small 
  Rivers. 
  

  

  At 
  various 
  points 
  on 
  the 
  western 
  shore 
  of 
  the 
  Lake, 
  in 
  the 
  district 
  of 
  Buddu, 
  larger 
  

   streams 
  or 
  creeks 
  than 
  exist 
  on 
  the 
  islands 
  flow 
  into 
  it. 
  One 
  of 
  these, 
  Mujuzi, 
  enters 
  

   the 
  lake 
  about 
  two 
  miles 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  canoe 
  landing 
  at 
  Kalkosa, 
  and 
  three 
  miles 
  

   south 
  of 
  that 
  at 
  Bale. 
  South 
  of 
  the 
  creek 
  all 
  the 
  way 
  to 
  Kalkosa 
  the 
  shore 
  is 
  marshy, 
  

   with 
  an 
  old 
  beach 
  line 
  overgrown 
  with 
  dense 
  vegetation. 
  At 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  

   creek 
  an 
  old 
  sand 
  beach 
  begins, 
  at 
  a 
  level 
  of 
  some 
  two 
  to 
  three 
  feet 
  above 
  the 
  present 
  

   beach 
  line 
  and 
  continues 
  nearly 
  to 
  Bale. 
  The 
  foreshore 
  also 
  is 
  sandy, 
  but 
  except 
  

   for 
  a 
  reach 
  of 
  600 
  to 
  800 
  yards 
  just 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  creek, 
  it 
  is 
  overgrown 
  with 
  dense 
  

   vegetation 
  of 
  an 
  impenetrable 
  character 
  to 
  the 
  water's 
  edge. 
  

  

  At 
  the 
  mouth 
  of 
  the 
  creek 
  the 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  and 
  shelter 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  best, 
  

   and 
  food 
  is 
  provided 
  by 
  a 
  large 
  number 
  of 
  crocodiles 
  which 
  find 
  harbour 
  there, 
  and 
  

   which 
  also 
  rest 
  in 
  the 
  sand. 
  To 
  the 
  north 
  there 
  is 
  some 
  breeding 
  ground, 
  but 
  

  

  