﻿398 
  W. 
  F. 
  FISKE. 
  

  

  Buffalo. 
  

  

  Numerous 
  herds 
  of 
  buffalo, 
  said 
  to 
  be 
  increasing, 
  range 
  over 
  much 
  of 
  the 
  main- 
  

   land 
  shore, 
  and 
  others 
  exist 
  on 
  the 
  sudd-bound 
  islands 
  of 
  Binga 
  and 
  Bunjako. 
  

   The 
  animals 
  come 
  to 
  the 
  shore 
  itself, 
  but 
  the 
  herds 
  keep 
  well 
  together 
  and 
  each 
  

   ranges 
  over 
  a 
  considerable 
  territory, 
  so 
  that 
  despite 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  animals, 
  they 
  

   do 
  not 
  afford 
  an 
  at 
  all 
  constant 
  or 
  regular 
  supply 
  of 
  food 
  for 
  tsetse. 
  A 
  herd 
  may 
  

   remain 
  for 
  several 
  weeks 
  without 
  coming 
  near 
  the 
  shore, 
  and 
  then 
  for 
  a 
  week 
  or 
  

   two 
  range 
  nowhere 
  but 
  along 
  it. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  believed 
  that 
  buffalo 
  would 
  be 
  a 
  favoured 
  host 
  of 
  fly 
  if 
  it 
  were 
  less 
  inclined 
  

   to 
  wander, 
  but 
  no 
  evidence 
  whatever 
  could 
  be 
  secured. 
  

  

  Leopard. 
  

  

  Leopard 
  is 
  of 
  very 
  great 
  importance 
  in 
  the 
  bionomics 
  of 
  tsetse 
  as 
  a 
  deprivative 
  

   enemy, 
  for 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  major 
  factor 
  in 
  controlling 
  the 
  range 
  and 
  density 
  of 
  bush-buck, 
  

   situtunga, 
  bush-pig 
  and 
  perhaps 
  other 
  hosts 
  of 
  the 
  fly. 
  As 
  such 
  it 
  is 
  discussed 
  else- 
  

   where. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  very 
  doubtfully 
  a 
  host 
  itself, 
  for 
  though 
  common 
  enough 
  in 
  the 
  fly 
  belt, 
  it 
  is 
  

   extremely 
  seclusive 
  by 
  day. 
  

  

  It 
  has 
  probably 
  increased 
  with 
  the 
  game, 
  and 
  its 
  range 
  has 
  been 
  extended 
  since 
  

   depopulation 
  to 
  include 
  the 
  islands 
  of 
  Bussi 
  and 
  Zinga. 
  Formerly 
  it 
  occurred 
  only 
  

   on 
  the 
  mainland 
  and 
  the 
  sudd-bound 
  islands 
  of 
  Bunjako 
  and 
  Binga. 
  Bussi 
  and 
  Zinga 
  

   Islands 
  were 
  not 
  completely 
  sudd-bound, 
  but 
  were 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  mainland 
  by 
  a 
  

   narrow 
  open 
  channel, 
  used 
  in 
  canoe 
  traffic. 
  With 
  cessation 
  of 
  this 
  traffic 
  these 
  

   waterways 
  were 
  allowed 
  to 
  become 
  choked 
  — 
  permanently 
  unless 
  the 
  Government 
  

   reopens 
  them 
  — 
  and 
  the 
  leopards 
  promptly 
  crossed 
  to 
  the 
  islands. 
  The 
  channel 
  

   between 
  Bussi 
  Island 
  and 
  the 
  mainland 
  was 
  the 
  first 
  to 
  close, 
  and 
  the 
  leopards 
  crossed 
  

   and 
  increased 
  to 
  greater 
  numbers 
  (as 
  evidenced 
  by 
  tracks 
  and 
  excreta) 
  than 
  in 
  

   any 
  other 
  district 
  visited. 
  The 
  channel 
  between 
  Zinga 
  and 
  the 
  mainland 
  was 
  not 
  

   known 
  to 
  be 
  closed 
  until 
  in 
  August 
  1915. 
  when 
  excreta 
  of 
  leopard 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  

   island 
  — 
  once 
  only 
  seen 
  in 
  some 
  five 
  days 
  spent 
  in 
  fly 
  survey 
  — 
  and 
  on 
  investigations 
  

   the 
  channel 
  was 
  found 
  choked. 
  

  

  Monkey. 
  

  

  The 
  common 
  Cercopithecus 
  (" 
  green 
  " 
  monkey) 
  occurs 
  everywhere 
  in 
  the 
  fly 
  

   belt 
  on 
  the 
  mainland, 
  and 
  on 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  islands. 
  On 
  the 
  islands, 
  in 
  the 
  

   absence 
  of 
  leopard 
  and 
  man, 
  it 
  is 
  usually 
  much 
  more 
  numerous 
  than 
  on 
  the 
  main- 
  

   land. 
  It 
  was 
  hunted 
  as 
  a 
  pest 
  by 
  the 
  natives 
  and 
  is 
  said 
  by 
  them 
  to 
  have 
  increased. 
  

   An 
  impression, 
  not 
  confirmed 
  by 
  actual 
  study, 
  was 
  to 
  the 
  effect 
  that 
  the 
  animals 
  

   on 
  different 
  islands 
  were 
  developing 
  into 
  fairly 
  well 
  marked 
  local 
  varieties. 
  

  

  The 
  animal 
  appears 
  to 
  be 
  consistently 
  avoided 
  by 
  tsetse, 
  and 
  despite 
  the 
  facts 
  

   that 
  the 
  flies 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  be 
  pathogenic 
  towards 
  monkeys 
  (of 
  this 
  species) 
  on 
  

   several 
  of 
  the 
  islands, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  monkeys 
  forage 
  freely 
  along 
  beaches 
  densely 
  

   infested 
  by 
  fly, 
  they 
  take 
  no 
  visible 
  harm. 
  Their 
  numbers 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  limited 
  

   only 
  by 
  the 
  amount 
  of 
  food 
  available. 
  

  

  Other 
  monkeys 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  fly 
  belt 
  on 
  the 
  mainland, 
  but 
  they 
  are 
  more 
  strictly 
  

   arboreal. 
  A 
  lemur 
  occurs 
  on 
  Bunyama 
  and 
  perhaps 
  other 
  islands. 
  

  

  