﻿INVESTIGATIONS 
  INTO 
  THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  PALPALIS. 
  405 
  

  

  No 
  large 
  Tabanids 
  or 
  other 
  large 
  biting 
  flies, 
  apart 
  from 
  Glossina 
  and 
  Stomoxys, 
  

   were 
  ever 
  seen 
  on 
  situtunga 
  on 
  the 
  islands. 
  

  

  Tortoise. 
  

  

  Tortoise 
  have 
  twice 
  been 
  encountered 
  on 
  land 
  in 
  infested 
  territory, 
  and 
  on 
  each 
  

   occasion 
  were 
  accompanied 
  by 
  so 
  many 
  flies 
  as 
  to 
  constitute 
  a 
  " 
  following 
  swarm." 
  

   The 
  flies 
  were 
  seen 
  to 
  feed 
  on 
  both 
  occasions, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  instance 
  the 
  animal 
  was 
  

   very 
  plainly 
  annoyed, 
  frequently 
  brushing 
  the 
  flies 
  from 
  its 
  head 
  with 
  its 
  foot. 
  

   The 
  flies 
  fed 
  principally 
  on 
  the 
  orbits, 
  and 
  the 
  extent 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  subject 
  had 
  

   suffered 
  from 
  their 
  attack 
  was 
  witnessed 
  by 
  a 
  whitish 
  ring 
  surrounding 
  each 
  eye 
  

   composed 
  of 
  the 
  dried 
  serum 
  which 
  is 
  exuded 
  in 
  droplets 
  by 
  the 
  flies 
  while 
  feeding. 
  

  

  Monkeys. 
  

  

  Troops 
  of 
  the 
  Cercopithecus 
  monkey 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  region 
  have 
  twice 
  been 
  

   approached 
  closely 
  enough 
  to 
  observe 
  the 
  movements 
  of 
  flies 
  in 
  their 
  vicinity. 
  

   The 
  most 
  successful 
  attempt 
  was 
  on 
  Bugalla 
  (Sesse) 
  Island 
  in 
  January 
  1915. 
  A 
  

   considerable 
  troop 
  was 
  deployed 
  on 
  the 
  beach 
  at 
  a 
  point 
  where 
  infestation 
  was 
  

   heavy. 
  Flies 
  could 
  be 
  seen 
  resting 
  on 
  rocks 
  around 
  which 
  the 
  monkeys 
  were 
  

   foraging 
  (for 
  crabs), 
  but 
  none 
  was 
  seen 
  to 
  approach 
  the 
  animals, 
  nor 
  did 
  the 
  latter 
  

   show 
  signs 
  of 
  being 
  attacked. 
  

  

  When 
  goats 
  or 
  sheep 
  are 
  driven 
  into 
  infested 
  spots 
  like 
  this, 
  enough 
  flies 
  will 
  

   approach 
  to 
  keep 
  them 
  on 
  the 
  qui 
  vive. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  doubt 
  that 
  this 
  species 
  of 
  monkey 
  

   is 
  avoided 
  by 
  fly 
  yet 
  more 
  completely 
  than 
  sheep 
  or 
  goats. 
  

  

  Otter. 
  

  

  The 
  mammalian 
  life 
  on 
  the 
  islands 
  is 
  so 
  lacking 
  in 
  diversity 
  (as 
  compared 
  with 
  

   the 
  mainland) 
  that 
  otter, 
  next 
  to 
  situtunga, 
  hippopotamus 
  and 
  pig, 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  

   logical 
  warm-blooded 
  host 
  for 
  tsetse. 
  On 
  three 
  occasions 
  otters 
  were 
  observed 
  

   on 
  land 
  freely 
  exposed 
  to 
  attack 
  by 
  tsetse 
  and 
  under 
  conditions 
  which 
  would 
  certainly 
  

   have 
  led 
  to 
  attack 
  upon 
  Varanus, 
  but 
  the 
  flies 
  paid 
  no 
  attention 
  to 
  them. 
  

  

  Mongoose. 
  

  

  A 
  large 
  mongoose 
  is 
  common 
  on 
  certain 
  islands 
  — 
  notably 
  Kitobo, 
  where 
  more 
  

   were 
  seen 
  in 
  a 
  week's 
  time 
  than 
  on 
  all 
  other 
  islands 
  together. 
  It 
  has 
  a 
  habit 
  of 
  

   basking 
  in 
  the 
  sun, 
  selecting 
  a 
  spot 
  where 
  its 
  ground-colour 
  (much 
  like 
  dead 
  leaves) 
  

   harmonises 
  completely 
  with 
  its 
  surroundings. 
  By 
  its 
  habits 
  it 
  is 
  freely 
  exposed 
  

   to 
  attacks 
  of 
  fly, 
  but 
  on 
  several 
  occasions 
  when 
  animals 
  basking 
  in 
  fly-infested 
  spots 
  

   have 
  been 
  flushed, 
  no 
  fly 
  has 
  been 
  observed. 
  

  

  Domestic 
  Animals. 
  

  

  Cattle 
  were 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  regularly, 
  and 
  goats 
  occasionally, 
  herded 
  on 
  the 
  borders 
  

   of 
  the 
  fly 
  belt 
  near 
  Entebbe, 
  and 
  fly 
  was 
  occasionally 
  seen 
  on 
  the 
  former. 
  But 
  

   it 
  was 
  especially 
  noted 
  (after 
  the 
  experiment 
  with 
  cattle 
  at 
  Mbiru 
  described 
  in 
  

   the 
  preceding 
  sub-section) 
  that 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  other 
  flies 
  — 
  and 
  others 
  were 
  usually 
  

   present 
  in 
  very 
  much 
  larger 
  numbers 
  than 
  tsetse 
  — 
  reacted 
  upon 
  the 
  cattle, 
  and 
  

   their 
  behaviour 
  upon 
  that 
  of 
  Glossina, 
  to 
  protect 
  them 
  measurably 
  from 
  attack. 
  

  

  