﻿INVESTIGATIONS 
  INTO 
  THE 
  BIONOMICS 
  OF 
  GLOSSINA 
  PALPALIS. 
  407 
  

  

  But 
  most 
  frequently 
  of 
  all, 
  men 
  were 
  bitten 
  while 
  paddling 
  the 
  canoe. 
  If 
  the 
  

   landing 
  were 
  infested, 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  flies 
  — 
  sometimes 
  from 
  badly 
  infested 
  landings 
  

   a 
  dozen 
  to 
  twenty 
  — 
  would 
  follow 
  the 
  canoe 
  from 
  shore, 
  and 
  once 
  fairly 
  away 
  from 
  

   shore 
  would 
  be 
  very 
  loath 
  to 
  leave 
  it. 
  And 
  these 
  flies, 
  seemingly 
  because 
  there 
  

   was 
  nothing 
  else 
  to 
  do, 
  were 
  remarkably 
  prone 
  to 
  feed 
  * 
  — 
  not 
  at 
  first, 
  but 
  some 
  

   time 
  after 
  the 
  canoe 
  had 
  left 
  the 
  land. 
  The 
  work 
  of 
  paddling 
  is 
  purely 
  mechanical 
  

   and 
  rhythmic, 
  and 
  not 
  in 
  the 
  least 
  absorbing 
  except 
  for 
  the 
  steersman, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  

   of 
  a 
  sort 
  that 
  cannot 
  well 
  be 
  interrupted 
  to 
  ward 
  off 
  a 
  hovering 
  fly. 
  Consequently 
  

   the 
  flies 
  would 
  be 
  left 
  undisturbed 
  until 
  one 
  actually 
  bit, 
  when 
  the 
  paddler, 
  if 
  he 
  

   felt 
  it, 
  would 
  interrupt 
  his 
  work 
  to 
  drive 
  it 
  away. 
  The 
  fly 
  would 
  then 
  pass 
  to 
  

   another 
  man, 
  and 
  the 
  process 
  might 
  be 
  repeated 
  many 
  times. 
  I 
  have 
  actually 
  seen 
  

   five 
  men 
  bitten 
  in 
  quick 
  succession 
  by 
  a 
  single 
  fly, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  not 
  at 
  all 
  easy 
  to 
  follow 
  

   the 
  movements 
  of 
  a 
  fly 
  in 
  a 
  crowded 
  canoe. 
  

  

  The 
  engorged 
  flies 
  curiously 
  pass 
  forward 
  in 
  the 
  canoe 
  — 
  against 
  the 
  wind 
  of 
  

   passage 
  — 
  and 
  will 
  cluster 
  on 
  the 
  prow 
  of 
  it. 
  On 
  one 
  occasion, 
  while 
  rounding 
  a 
  

   densely 
  infested 
  point 
  of 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  Buddu 
  shore 
  and 
  passing 
  too 
  closely 
  in 
  doing 
  

   so, 
  a 
  swarm 
  of 
  flies 
  assailed 
  the 
  canoe, 
  and 
  in 
  due 
  course 
  a 
  cluster 
  of 
  eight, 
  fully 
  

   engorged, 
  had 
  formed 
  on 
  the 
  prow. 
  

  

  This 
  rounding 
  of 
  fly-infested 
  points 
  too 
  closely 
  is 
  even 
  more 
  conducive 
  to 
  attack 
  

   upon 
  man 
  than 
  the 
  departure 
  from 
  fly-infested 
  landings, 
  for 
  if 
  the 
  canoe 
  skirts 
  

   the 
  shore 
  for 
  any 
  considerable 
  distance 
  it 
  may 
  gather 
  flies 
  in 
  large 
  numbers, 
  and 
  

   carry 
  them 
  out 
  to 
  sea. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  not 
  seen 
  flies 
  come 
  to 
  a 
  canoe 
  much, 
  if 
  any, 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  hundred 
  yards 
  

   out, 
  and 
  not 
  many 
  will 
  come 
  to 
  one 
  over 
  fifty 
  yards 
  out 
  ; 
  but 
  at 
  forty 
  or 
  fifty 
  yards 
  

   a 
  perfect 
  swarm 
  of 
  flies 
  may 
  make 
  a 
  whirlwind 
  descent. 
  

  

  All 
  things 
  considered, 
  the 
  hunter 
  or 
  forager 
  is 
  probably 
  most 
  immune 
  to 
  attack 
  

   by 
  tsetse 
  of 
  any 
  individual, 
  for 
  his 
  senses 
  are 
  keyed 
  up, 
  and 
  he 
  is 
  wide-awake 
  and 
  

   conscious 
  of 
  little 
  things 
  without 
  being 
  physically 
  absorbed 
  in 
  any 
  occupation 
  that 
  

   deters 
  him 
  from 
  warding 
  off 
  a 
  menacing 
  fly. 
  Certainly 
  I 
  have 
  been 
  bitten 
  least 
  

   frequently 
  while 
  engaged 
  in 
  hunting 
  or 
  in 
  patrolling 
  the 
  shore 
  in 
  fly 
  survey 
  work, 
  

   always 
  intent 
  on 
  whatever 
  might 
  be 
  taking 
  place 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity. 
  

  

  As 
  noted 
  of 
  cattle, 
  the 
  relative 
  susceptibility 
  or 
  immunity 
  of 
  man 
  and 
  of 
  individual 
  

   men 
  to 
  attack 
  is 
  very 
  largely 
  a 
  question 
  of 
  temperament, 
  and 
  of 
  conditions 
  and 
  

   circumstances 
  of 
  time 
  and 
  place 
  — 
  not 
  forgetting 
  to 
  include 
  among 
  these 
  the 
  relative 
  

   abundance 
  of 
  other 
  food 
  than 
  human 
  blood. 
  

  

  VI 
  (e). 
  Hosts 
  and 
  Host 
  Preferences 
  of 
  Glossina 
  as 
  determined 
  by 
  Flies 
  

   found 
  on 
  Animals 
  shot 
  in 
  Fly 
  Belts. 
  

  

  Crocodile. 
  — 
  Island 
  of 
  Tavu, 
  13th 
  September 
  1915. 
  

  

  A 
  crocodile 
  between 
  9 
  and 
  10 
  feet 
  in 
  length 
  was 
  shot 
  in 
  such 
  manner 
  as 
  com- 
  

   pletely 
  to 
  paralyse 
  the 
  body 
  but 
  not 
  to 
  stop 
  circulation 
  of 
  blood 
  (these 
  animals 
  

   will 
  live 
  and 
  move 
  the 
  body 
  vigorously 
  for 
  an 
  hour 
  or 
  more 
  after 
  a 
  brain 
  shot 
  ; 
  this 
  

  

  * 
  It 
  is 
  a 
  curious 
  trait 
  of 
  Glossina 
  morsitans, 
  and 
  probably 
  also 
  of 
  palpalis, 
  to 
  feed 
  in 
  

   confinement 
  when 
  they 
  would 
  not 
  if 
  unrestrained. 
  Freshly 
  captured, 
  caged 
  flies 
  will 
  

   usually 
  feed 
  promptly 
  on 
  the 
  body 
  of 
  an 
  animal 
  pressed 
  against 
  the 
  wire 
  screen, 
  when 
  

   they 
  would 
  most 
  certainly 
  not 
  have 
  fed 
  if 
  uncaught. 
  

  

  