﻿416 
  

  

  W. 
  F. 
  FISKE. 
  

  

  predatory 
  entomophagid 
  lias 
  attached 
  itself 
  to 
  Glossina 
  falfalis, 
  as 
  a 
  ' 
  specific 
  

   enemy," 
  to 
  follow 
  and 
  prey 
  upon 
  it 
  in 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  its 
  breeding 
  grounds. 
  

  

  VII 
  (b). 
  Breeding 
  Grounds 
  in 
  Vegetable 
  Debris. 
  

  

  Quite 
  early 
  in 
  these 
  investigations 
  a 
  second 
  and 
  very 
  distinct 
  type 
  of 
  breeding 
  

   ground 
  was 
  discovered 
  in 
  fine 
  dry 
  vegetable 
  debris 
  — 
  so 
  dry 
  and 
  undecomposed 
  

   as 
  to 
  be 
  as 
  unattractive 
  to 
  insects 
  in 
  general 
  as 
  the 
  deposits 
  of 
  clean- 
  washed 
  beach 
  

   sand 
  or 
  gravel 
  which 
  are 
  most 
  favoured 
  breeding 
  places. 
  

  

  These 
  deposits 
  of 
  vegetable 
  debris 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  rather 
  sparingly 
  both 
  under 
  

   and 
  over 
  rocks 
  and 
  over 
  coarse 
  gravel 
  or 
  pebbles, 
  which 
  preclude 
  soil 
  moisture 
  from 
  

   rising 
  to 
  dampen 
  them 
  and 
  aid 
  the 
  growth 
  of 
  fungi 
  and 
  other 
  saprophagous 
  organisms. 
  

   If 
  under 
  rock, 
  they 
  must 
  be 
  in 
  crevices 
  so 
  deep 
  and 
  well 
  protected 
  as 
  not 
  frequently 
  

   to 
  be 
  wetted 
  by 
  storms. 
  If 
  over 
  rock 
  or 
  pebbles, 
  they 
  are 
  most 
  frequently 
  shaded 
  

   by 
  fern 
  and 
  composed 
  of 
  fragments 
  of 
  fern 
  fronds 
  and 
  stems 
  — 
  material 
  which 
  doss 
  

   not 
  readily 
  decompose 
  or 
  attract 
  mycetophagous 
  or 
  saprophagous 
  insects 
  or 
  the 
  

   destructors 
  of 
  insects. 
  

  

  Table 
  XXX. 
  

  

  Finds 
  of 
  Shells 
  and 
  Pwparia 
  of 
  Glossina 
  palpalis 
  in 
  Breeding 
  Grounds 
  in 
  

  

  Vegetable 
  Debris. 
  

  

  Island. 
  

  

  Date. 
  

  

  Finds 
  of 
  puparia. 
  (4) 
  Finds 
  of 
  empty 
  shells. 
  

  

  Gross. 
  

  

  Per 
  boy 
  per 
  

   hour. 
  

  

  Gross. 
  

  

  Maxi- 
  

   mum. 
  

  

  Aver- 
  

   age. 
  

  

  Per 
  boy 
  per 
  

   hour. 
  

  

  Maxi- 
  

   mum. 
  

  

  Aver- 
  

   age. 
  

  

  Kiuwa 
  

  

  • 
  (1) 
  

  

  Namba 
  

  

  (2) 
  

  

  Namba 
  

  

  (3) 
  

  

  Nsadzi 
  

  

  (2) 
  

  

  Karambide 
  

  

  (3) 
  

  

  Mbugwe 
  

  

  (3) 
  

  

  Mugogoya 
  . 
  

  

  (2) 
  

  

  Linmaiba 
  . 
  

  

  • 
  (2) 
  

  

  Feb. 
  

  

  Mar. 
  

  

  Mar. 
  

  

  Feb. 
  

  

  Aug. 
  

  

  Sept. 
  

  

  Sept. 
  

  

  Sept. 
  

  

  19, 
  3914 
  

  

  17, 
  1914 
  

  

  17, 
  1914, 
  

  

  4, 
  1914 
  

  

  24, 
  1914, 
  

  

  1, 
  1914, 
  

  

  4, 
  1914 
  

  

  5, 
  1914 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  05 
  

  

  317 
  

  

  94 
  

  

  2 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  76 
  

  

  155 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  P6 
  

  

  173 
  

  

  50 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  12 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  86 
  

  

  172 
  

  

  34 
  

  

  136 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  79 
  

  

  316 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  24 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  88 
  

  

  358 
  

  

  24 
  

  

  48 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  85 
  

  

  170 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  — 
  ■ 
  

  

  383 
  

  

  576 
  

  

  57*7 
  

   24-7 
  

  

  (1) 
  In 
  very 
  fiue, 
  dry 
  debris 
  under 
  rock 
  shelter. 
  

  

  (2) 
  In 
  basking 
  spot 
  of 
  Varanus 
  under 
  fern 
  or 
  other 
  low 
  overhanging 
  shelter. 
  

  

  (3) 
  Under 
  fern 
  or 
  other 
  shelter, 
  over 
  pebble 
  or 
  cobble 
  ; 
  in 
  each 
  case 
  a 
  basking 
  ground 
  

   of 
  Varanus 
  was 
  near 
  at 
  hand. 
  

  

  (4) 
  Compare 
  maximum 
  finds 
  with 
  finds 
  from 
  sunny 
  and 
  gravel 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  

   (Table 
  XXVI, 
  p. 
  413). 
  The 
  average 
  finds 
  per 
  boy 
  hour 
  in 
  most 
  cases 
  would 
  be 
  not 
  

   much 
  greater 
  than 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  cases 
  given, 
  for 
  the 
  breeding 
  places 
  are 
  so 
  small, 
  as 
  a 
  rule, 
  

   that 
  one 
  boy 
  will 
  exhaust 
  them 
  in 
  15 
  minutes 
  to 
  half 
  an 
  hour 
  in 
  cases 
  where 
  the 
  

   breeding 
  ground 
  is 
  specifically 
  associated 
  with 
  a 
  Varanus 
  basking 
  ground. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  precisely 
  in 
  such 
  spots 
  that 
  Varanus 
  likes 
  best 
  to 
  sun 
  itself 
  : 
  over 
  a 
  rock 
  or 
  

   beach 
  of 
  pebbles 
  with 
  its 
  body 
  partly 
  shaded, 
  as 
  by 
  over 
  hanging 
  fern, 
  and 
  partly 
  

  

  