﻿418 
  W. 
  F. 
  FISKE. 
  

  

  The 
  conclusion 
  was 
  reached 
  that 
  under 
  such 
  conditions, 
  with 
  good 
  food 
  in 
  abun- 
  

   dance, 
  good 
  shelter 
  and 
  good 
  breeding 
  ground, 
  the 
  fly 
  would 
  exist 
  and 
  thrive 
  at 
  

   any 
  distance 
  from 
  the 
  water. 
  But 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  very 
  rare 
  combination 
  at 
  points 
  beyond 
  

   the 
  old 
  beach 
  line 
  of 
  1906. 
  Usually, 
  when 
  the 
  soil 
  is 
  light 
  and 
  sandy 
  back 
  from 
  the 
  

   water, 
  it 
  will 
  not 
  sustain 
  vegetation 
  sufficiently 
  dense 
  to 
  serve 
  for 
  shelter, 
  or 
  for 
  

   protection 
  of 
  any 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  antelope. 
  Had 
  leopards 
  been 
  present 
  on 
  this 
  

   island 
  the 
  antelope 
  could 
  not 
  have 
  found 
  protection 
  from 
  them 
  in 
  an 
  environment 
  

   of 
  this 
  sort. 
  

  

  It 
  was 
  furthermore 
  proved 
  by 
  experiment 
  that 
  except 
  at 
  points 
  where 
  the 
  blanket 
  

   of 
  vegetable 
  mould 
  that 
  covered 
  the 
  sand 
  on 
  the 
  old 
  beach 
  line 
  had 
  been 
  ground 
  

   under 
  the 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  antelope 
  and 
  thoroughly 
  dried 
  by 
  the 
  sun, 
  predatory 
  destructors 
  

   of 
  the 
  puparia 
  were 
  present 
  in 
  exterminative 
  numbers 
  (see 
  p. 
  443). 
  The 
  breeding 
  

   places 
  were 
  made 
  by 
  the 
  antelope, 
  which 
  thus 
  came 
  to 
  provide 
  not 
  only 
  food 
  but 
  

   protection 
  to 
  its 
  parasites. 
  

  

  Bugalla 
  Island, 
  December 
  1914 
  and 
  February 
  1915. 
  

  

  In 
  December 
  1914 
  a 
  remarkably 
  heavy 
  infestation 
  was 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  very 
  summit 
  

   of 
  a 
  high 
  hill 
  near 
  the 
  centre 
  of 
  the 
  southernmost 
  peninsula 
  on 
  Bugalla 
  Island. 
  

   The 
  catch 
  of 
  fly 
  made 
  at 
  this 
  point 
  indicated 
  a 
  male 
  density 
  of 
  23*0 
  and 
  female 
  

   percentage 
  of 
  2-5 
  — 
  but 
  the 
  record 
  was 
  discarded 
  because 
  the 
  boys 
  flushed 
  a 
  herd 
  

   of 
  situtunga 
  and 
  caught 
  the 
  " 
  following 
  swarm." 
  Probably 
  a 
  density 
  of 
  12*0 
  would 
  

   be 
  nearer 
  the 
  facts. 
  

  

  The 
  presence 
  of 
  inland 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  was 
  suggested 
  by 
  the 
  circumstance, 
  and 
  

   by 
  the 
  further 
  fact 
  that 
  infestation 
  was 
  heavier 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  hill 
  than 
  on 
  

   its 
  slopes. 
  They 
  were 
  sought 
  for 
  at 
  the 
  time, 
  and 
  a 
  special 
  trip 
  was 
  made 
  to 
  the 
  

   locality 
  in 
  the 
  February 
  following 
  to 
  seek 
  for 
  them 
  again, 
  but 
  without 
  result. 
  

  

  This 
  was 
  the 
  only 
  inland 
  point 
  found 
  on 
  Bugalla 
  Island, 
  except 
  the 
  one 
  above 
  

   noted, 
  where 
  density 
  of 
  infestation 
  away 
  from 
  the 
  water 
  suggested 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  

   breeding 
  places 
  of 
  sufficient 
  extent 
  to 
  permit 
  the 
  fly 
  to 
  exist 
  independently 
  of 
  breeding 
  

   grounds 
  along 
  shore. 
  

  

  Bujaju 
  Peninsula, 
  July 
  1915. 
  

  

  The 
  presence 
  of 
  inland 
  breeding 
  grounds 
  was 
  strongly 
  suggested 
  by 
  dispersion 
  

   of 
  fly, 
  as 
  noted 
  on 
  page 
  385. 
  

  

  Kitebo 
  Peninsula, 
  August 
  1915. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  grounds 
  of 
  fair 
  quality 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  a 
  ridge 
  of 
  sand 
  representing 
  an 
  

   ancient 
  beach 
  line 
  at 
  distances 
  up 
  to 
  1,100 
  yards 
  from 
  the 
  water. 
  The 
  conditions 
  

   (see 
  p. 
  386) 
  suggested 
  that 
  the 
  infestation 
  at 
  these 
  points 
  was 
  mainly 
  an 
  extension 
  

   of 
  a 
  riparian 
  colony 
  of 
  fly 
  inland. 
  

  

  Damba 
  Island, 
  October 
  1915. 
  

  

  Breeding 
  grounds 
  were 
  found 
  on 
  a 
  very 
  old 
  beach 
  line 
  at 
  probably 
  300 
  yards 
  

   from 
  water, 
  in 
  a 
  sunning 
  spot 
  of 
  situtunga, 
  much 
  as 
  noted 
  on 
  Bugalla 
  Island. 
  The 
  

   infestation 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  an 
  extension 
  inland 
  of 
  infestation 
  along 
  shore. 
  Six 
  

   days 
  were 
  spent 
  in 
  exploration 
  of 
  Damba 
  in 
  search 
  of 
  inland 
  colonies. 
  Infestation 
  

   inland 
  is 
  general, 
  and 
  at 
  points 
  quite 
  heavy, 
  but 
  at 
  no 
  point 
  could 
  evidence 
  be 
  

   found 
  indicative 
  of 
  any 
  real 
  centre 
  of 
  infestation 
  with 
  the 
  possible 
  exception 
  of 
  this 
  one. 
  

  

  