﻿442 
  

  

  W. 
  F. 
  FISKE. 
  

  

  was 
  in 
  the 
  very 
  centre 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  tuft 
  of 
  grass 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  killed 
  by 
  overhanging 
  

   (encroaching) 
  shrubbery. 
  The 
  fine 
  dead 
  leaves 
  of 
  grass 
  had 
  been 
  pressed 
  down 
  by 
  

   the 
  body 
  of 
  the 
  animal 
  to 
  present 
  a 
  firm 
  smooth 
  surface, 
  quite 
  dry. 
  But 
  underneath, 
  

   the 
  grass 
  leaves 
  were 
  moist 
  and 
  decaying, 
  and 
  the 
  larvae 
  of 
  tsetse, 
  penetrating 
  

   the 
  surface 
  and 
  forming 
  puparia 
  in 
  the 
  damp 
  interior 
  were 
  largely 
  destroyed. 
  The 
  

   case 
  on 
  Mbugwe 
  Island 
  was 
  very 
  different. 
  Here 
  there 
  was 
  a 
  layer 
  of 
  vegetable 
  

   debris 
  under 
  fern 
  and 
  over 
  pebbles 
  that 
  had 
  been 
  packed 
  so 
  firmly 
  by 
  the 
  body 
  

   of 
  the 
  Varanus 
  that 
  the 
  larvae 
  could 
  only 
  penetrate 
  with 
  difficulty. 
  Many 
  were 
  

   forced 
  to 
  form 
  puparia 
  only 
  half 
  concealed 
  and 
  of 
  these 
  all 
  were 
  destroyed. 
  

  

  Table 
  XXXVII. 
  

  

  Showing 
  Relative 
  Degree 
  of 
  Protection 
  to 
  Puparia 
  of 
  Glossina 
  palpalis 
  provided 
  

   by 
  Breeding 
  Grounds 
  in 
  Beach 
  Sands 
  and 
  Gravels 
  and 
  in 
  Vegetable 
  Debris. 
  

  

  ' 
  

  

  

  

  Finds 
  of 
  puparia 
  

  

  y 
  shells. 
  

  

  Proportion 
  

  

  Locality 
  and 
  Date. 
  

  

  Character 
  of 
  breeding 
  

   ground. 
  

  

  

  

  

  destroyed 
  

  

  Hatfih- 
  

  

  

  

  by 
  preda- 
  

  

  

  

  

  -Li 
  Ch 
  Ul^JLL 
  

  

  ed. 
  

  

  Eaten. 
  

  

  Total. 
  

  

  tors. 
  

  

  Damba 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  Coarse 
  sand 
  

  

  1074 
  

  

  89 
  

  

  1163 
  

  

  7*6 
  % 
  

  

  Kerenge 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  Sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  

  

  152 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  155 
  

  

  2-0 
  % 
  

  

  Wema" 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  Brown 
  sands 
  and 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  gravels 
  

  

  2974 
  

  

  70 
  

  

  3044 
  

  

  2*3 
  % 
  

  

  Bugalla 
  . 
  . 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  White 
  sand 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  81 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  84 
  

  

  3'5 
  % 
  

  

  Zinga 
  . 
  . 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  ») 
  »> 
  

  

  457 
  

  

  21 
  

  

  478 
  

  

  4'4 
  % 
  

  

  Damba 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  >» 
  >» 
  

  

  3939 
  

  

  554 
  

  

  4493 
  

  

  12-3 
  % 
  

  

  Nsadzi 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  Very 
  fine 
  white 
  sand 
  . 
  

  

  417 
  

  

  86 
  

  

  503 
  

  

  17-1 
  % 
  

  

  Namba 
  . 
  . 
  Mar. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  Vegetable 
  debris 
  

  

  76 
  

  

  

  

  76 
  

  

  

  Mbugwe 
  . 
  . 
  Mar. 
  

  

  1915 
  

  

  >> 
  j> 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  

  

  55 
  

  

  — 
  

  

  Kiuwa 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  >J 
  5J 
  

  

  310 
  

  

  7 
  

  

  317 
  

  

  2-2 
  % 
  

  

  Karambidi 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  5? 
  JJ 
  • 
  • 
  

  

  76 
  

  

  3 
  

  

  79 
  

  

  3'9 
  % 
  

  

  Limnaiba 
  . 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  >J 
  )> 
  

  

  268 
  

  

  15 
  

  

  283 
  

  

  5'3 
  % 
  

  

  Mugogoya 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  J> 
  >> 
  

  

  77 
  

  

  8 
  

  

  85 
  

  

  9-4 
  % 
  

  

  Mbugwe 
  . 
  . 
  Sept. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  >> 
  >' 
  

  

  62 
  

  

  24 
  

  

  86 
  

  

  27-2 
  % 
  

  

  Nsadzi 
  . 
  . 
  Feb. 
  

  

  1914 
  

  

  >5 
  >' 
  

  

  55 
  

  

  25 
  

  

  80 
  

  

  31-2 
  % 
  

  

  Total 
  and 
  average 
  in 
  sand 
  

  

  9044 
  

  

  826 
  

  

  9920 
  

  

  7-0 
  %* 
  

  

  >> 
  »> 
  

  

  „ 
  „ 
  vegetable 
  debris 
  . 
  . 
  

  

  979 
  

  

  82 
  

  

  1061 
  

  

  9-9 
  %* 
  

  

  * 
  Average 
  by 
  localities. 
  

  

  A 
  yet 
  more 
  striking 
  case 
  of 
  this 
  same 
  sort 
  was 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  interior 
  of 
  Bugalla 
  

   Island, 
  where 
  a 
  surface 
  of 
  hard 
  clay 
  was 
  very 
  thinly 
  strewn 
  with 
  gravel. 
  Shelter 
  

   and 
  surface 
  conditions 
  were 
  very 
  attractive 
  to 
  the 
  flies, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  probable 
  that 
  

   many 
  larvae 
  were 
  deposited 
  there, 
  but 
  though 
  an 
  occasional 
  perfectly 
  fresh 
  puparium 
  

   — 
  formed 
  the 
  same 
  day 
  — 
  was 
  found, 
  no 
  shells 
  or 
  old 
  puparia 
  could 
  be 
  found 
  on 
  

   any 
  of 
  the 
  several 
  occasions 
  the 
  point 
  was 
  visited. 
  It 
  appeared 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  perfect 
  

   death-trap. 
  

  

  