50 [ Senate 



Indians, upon a close examination of the image and other relics, as the figure of 

 the bird, decided that they were not constructed by the ancestors of the Iroquois, 

 but were left here by the nation with whom they had wars long since, and which 

 passed far to the southwest beyond the Cherokee country. 



Fig. 12. This beautiful article, formed of variegated stone, is polished with much 

 skill. 



Fig. 13 represents a relic which had probably been designed for a pipe-bowl : it 

 is formed of the finest material, and in texture much resembles our modern stone- 

 ware; a smooth hard polish has been given both to the inside and outside of the 

 bowl, while upon the inside surface exist appearances of groovings. The two last 

 articles described were found near the Stone mound in Ellington. 



Fig. 14 represents a most beautiful specimen of Indian art; a pipe elaborately 

 carved from steatite. It bears the figure of an Indian, cut in relief, and is other- 

 wise tastefully ornamented. The bowl is two and a half inches in length. 



Fig. 15 represents a singular shaped article, wrought from the blue granite, 

 apparently for the purpose of being secured in a warclub. Large numbers of these 

 were found. Besides these articles, which were disclosed in the fortified inclosure 

 at Ellington ( Plate vii ), were found numerous chisels in this peculiar shape, cor- 

 responding with those of the Mississippi valley; concave discs, which appeared to 

 have been used for the purpose of mixing paints, etc. etc. 



In another fortified inclosure in Ellington were disclosed various ancient pipes, 

 profusely ornamented, formed of catlinite; large disks; articles formed of stone, 

 twenty-eight inches in length, perhaps intended for warclubs, and which in their 

 peculiar shape resemble some of the pictorial mounds of Wisconsin : also stone 

 hatchets, axes, chisels, etc. 



In other earthworks in Chautauqua county, numerous remains of ancient work- 

 manship have been disclosed for the last fifty years, but they do not difi'er mate' 

 rially from those already described. 



CHAPTER IV. 



CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS. 



Thus in the small area embraced in this survey, we find nearly every description 

 of the Ancient Remains which mark the occupancy of this countrj'; the tumuli of 

 varied forms, entrenched works, sacred enclosures, stone mounds, ancient roads, 

 artificial excavations, cemeteries, reservoirs or wells, anciei>t hearths, and traces 

 of ancient cultivation, beside the interesting relics of ancient workmanship. The 

 earthworks appear to correspond, in their general dimensions, nearly with those 

 observed in other portions of the State and in Northern Ohio, but are more regular 

 in outline, in this respect approaching the ancient monuments of the Mississippi 

 valley. Evidence that this region was once occupied by a dense population, and that 

 its possession was fiercely contested, is afforded by the number of these earth- 

 works, particularly those of military character. It will be noticed that they form 

 a distinct chain. At the period of the first settlements here, wide and deeply beaten 

 Indian trails were observed passing through the Conewango valley, and also that 

 of the Cassadaga and Canadaway creeks to Lake Erie, connecting fortifications 

 which occurred at only short distances. It is estimated that nearly thirty of these 

 earthworks, once existing upon the Cassadaga and Canadaway creeks in Chau- 

 tauqua county, have now become entirely eff*aced. Many ancient works, formerly 



