322 JAS. J. SIMPSON — ENTOMULOGICAL 



Family Hippoboscidae. 



Hippohosca maculatu. 

 Ctenoceplialus cnnis. 



Family PULICIDAE. 



Family Ixodidae. 

 Amblyommu variegatum. Mhipiccphnhis simus. 



Haemaphysalis leacld. „ appendiculattis 



„ sanguineus. 



ZuugeiTi is situated in the valley of the Dago River, near its couHueuoe with 

 the Kaduna. These two rivers are separated by a high ridge, on which is 

 situated the European Hospital and the medical quarters, the area between this 

 ridge and the Kaduna being covered with dense bush. From the ridge to the 

 River Dago the whole area is cleared, and here are situated several bungalows 

 and the Prison. The European military quarters are on the right bank 

 of the Dago River and the Government Offices on the left bank, the latter in the 

 most low-lying part of the cantonment. Over some of these offices there are 

 European residential quarters, while on the ascending ground of the left bank 

 stand the remaining bungalows, culminating in Government House near the top 

 of the ridge. The polo ground is situated near Government House on a small 

 plateau, and on the other side towards the River Dago lies the Prison farm. 



The site of the cantonment is therefore such as to make the work of the 

 sanitary officer a very arduous one, when he has to undertake clearing measures, 

 and, for this reason, in spite of almost continual work, tsetse {G. palpalls, 

 G. tacliinoicles and G. suhnm-sitans) are nearly always present within the 

 limits of the cantonment, but more numerous during the rains. The 

 proximity to the Kaduna, which swarms with tsetse in its lower reaches, 

 renders the task of preventing these insects from invading the town a very 

 difficult one, but in addition to this the River Dago must be taken into account, 

 along with the surrounding bush, through which roads radiate in all directions. 

 Again, the railway now enters Zungeru across the Kaduna from Jebba, and, 

 passing along the side of the cantonment, continues onwards to Minna and the 

 north. This latter fact constitutes an additional danger, and must not be over- 

 looked. 



As has been said, the cantonment itself is very efficiently cleared, but the 

 sanitary gang as at present constituted can do little more than look after this 

 part, while what is urgently required is an extensive clearing between the medical 

 lines and the Kaduna, a similar clearing on the banks of the Kaduna on both 

 sides of the new railway bridge, and a continuation of the clearing on the Dago 

 River ; in fact, a clear belt arormd the whole cantonment, and this can be 

 done only by systematic and continued work carried on by a large supplementary 

 sanitary gang. This is perfectly well recognised by the Medical and Sanitary 

 Departments, but owing to the small number of men assigned to this work no 

 action can be taken. Now that Zungeru is linked up by railway with Lagos and 

 Kano, the number of Europeans passing through it will be greater than ever, 



