RESEAKGH IN UIMTISII WKST .\FKICA. o2o 



and the dangers are therefore aceentuated ; some such measures as those sug- 

 gested should immediately be put into effect. 



During my own stay in Zungeru I caught several Glossiiiu jmIjiuUs at various 

 places within the cantonment, in some cases within a few yards of European 

 bungalows, and several medical officers have obtained the same species at other 

 places. It is more than probable that these do not actually breed in the town, 

 but come in from the surrounding bush. Mosquitos are far from uncommon in 

 Zungeru, but are more abundant along the valley of the Dago River than on the 

 higher ground. If at all possible, the residential quarters over the Government 

 Offices in Ike Square should for this reason be abolished. Two species of 

 Stomo.rj/s, namely calcitrans and nu/ra, are omnipresent, and are a perfect pest 

 and a probable source of danger to ponies, while the number of species, as well 

 as of individuals, of the smaller Tabanidak, is excessively large, especially 

 near the polo ground. The clearing already suggested should tend to reduce 

 these to a minimum. 



Trypanosomiasis is very common amongst horses in Zungeru, and there can be 

 little doubt that many become infected within the cantonment. Not long ago a 

 camp was started near the polo ground for transport cattle, but this had to be 

 abandoned owing to the high rate of mortality. There is at present a trypano- 

 somiasis camp for ponies, but it is situated too close to the Kaduna, and might 

 with advantage be removed to higher well-cleared ground. In the interest of 

 the Protectorate such camps ought to be officially recognised and aided. 



Piroplasmosis also is known to occur in dogs, but no records are available to 

 show whether or not this disease accounted for any of the deaths in the cattle 

 transport lines. 



I should like here to draw attention to one of the regulations of the canton- 

 ment, namely, that prohibiting the shooting of any game, large or small, within 

 three miles of Zungeru. In consequence of this, small antelopes may often be 

 seen within the bungalow enclosures. The question as to whether or not this 

 regulation should be continued must necessarily depend on whether these animals 

 are or are not a source of danger. For the present we are not in a position to 

 make any definite statement, but the blood of these animals should be examined 

 for protozooal parasites, and in view of the high mortality amongst horses, 

 inoculation experiments with Stomoxi/s and Tabanidae should also be carried 

 out. It is not at all improbable that such game may act as protozoal reservoirs, 

 and that their presence around the cantonment may to a great extent account for 

 the infection of the ponies. Should this be proved to be the case, it is 

 obvious that such a regulation should be at once withdrawn. 



The following extracts from a letter sent me by Dr. W. Morrison will give 

 some idea of the country immediately surrounding Zungeru :— " Konoko is a 

 small village of about 30 huts, situated near Wushishi, about 8 miles from 

 Zungeru [see map]. The general bush is more open than one finds elsewhere, 

 but there are a number of kurimis [p. 307, supra'], usually with a collection of 

 pools of water along the whole extent, and thick dense bush and trees on either 

 side, while the lowest parts are swampy. Near these places tsetse were more 

 numerous than in any other place I have seen, and I have counted over a dozen 



