332 JAS. J. SIMPSON — ENTOMOLOGICAL 



anything approaching what might be termed an epidemic, either at present or in 

 the past, still the im})ortance of the existence of such a focus is a serious menace 

 to non-immunes, such as Europeans, who may come within range of it. The 

 hlood-sucking flies caught in and around the town were G. palpalis (in gu-eat 

 abundance), Haematopotu pallidipennis, Tahanus sp. (near grains), T. pertinciis, 

 and two species of mosquitos. Trypanosomiasis in horses is responsible for a 

 heavy annually mortality in this region, but this disease the natives attribute to 

 two plants, one a species of Pandanus, and the other a liana-like leguminous 

 creeper, which are supposed to contaminate or poison the drinking water. 



Just outside the kurimi in which the town is situated is a large area of open 

 ground, covered with long grass and thin bush or isolated trees, similar to that 

 shown on page 328. There we camped, at a distance of about 150 yards from 

 the kurimi, and only an occasional tsetse was seen, these having followed the 

 women bringing water and firewood to the camp, although within the kurimi 

 itself they swarmed around one constantly. 



In view of all these facts : — (1) the position of the town in the centre of a 

 kurimi, (2) the prevalence of sleeping sickness, (3) the abundance of (Jlossinu 

 palpalis, and (4) the existence of a large area of open ground in the immediate 

 vicinity — some measures ought to be adopted to minimise the risks attendant on 

 such a focus of sleeping sickness. Every endeavour should be made to have the 

 town removed into the open clearing and the area around it denuded of all bush. 

 The presence of individuals with trypanosomiasis is of necessity a source of 

 danger, as they serve as reservoirs and tend to increase the number of infective 

 tsetse ; it is highly desirable that all such cases should be at once removed to a 

 segregation camp. 



The return journey from Kateri was made by way of Kurimi-n-Iya, Kwakou, 

 Kumbaku to Kogin Sirikin Pawa. The road from Kateri to Kurimi-n-Iya 

 passes through the two small Kadara villages of Bini and Adana. The vegeta- 

 tion may be described as thin open bush, intersected by a succession of kurimis. 

 Less than 500 yards from Kurimi-n-Iya, a small river was crossed, and there 

 Glossinu jMlpalis was caught. The town itself is situated in a kurimi, as the 

 name would suggest, and swarms with G. palpalis (PI. XV, figs. 1 and 2). It was 

 impossible to find near this town a piece of open ground suitable for a camp which 

 would be a safe retreat from tsetse, and we had consequently to camp between 

 two dense kurimis. Both G. palpalis and G. tachinoides were caught in the 

 camp, and the tents were invaded by swarms of Haematopota pallidipennis, forty 

 of this species being captured between 2 and 3 p.m. 



About six miles from Kurimi-n-Iya is situated the town of Bichi, a very 

 flourishing place, extensively cultivated. Three miles further on is the village of 

 Goda, while Kwakou is distant about six miles from the latter. This route 

 passes through several kurimis and numerous extensive " fadamas " or swamps, 

 which would be practically impassable in the wet season. It is very rocky in 

 places, and the grass in the marshes is between eight and nine feet high. 

 G. palpalis was seen in a kurimi between Goda and Kwakou, and also at the 

 latter place. 



Kumbaku is about twelve miles from Kwakou. Immediately after leaving 

 Kwakou, the river Diuia is crossed, and from this the road is practically level, 



