168 JAS. J. SIMPSON — ENTOMOLOGICAL 



The vegetation becomes more and more scanty towards the north, and the 

 dense bush which clothed the hillsides and valleys south of Kaballa is gradually 

 replaced by grass. 



At the town of Benikoro, the following blood-sucking insects were captured — 

 Glossina palpalis, Tabanus kingsleyi, T. biguttatus, Hippocentrum trimaculatum, 

 Stegomyia fasciata, S. stiffens, and Ceratopogon sp. Stegomyia fasciata was also 

 caught at the riverside some distance from the town. Within the town itself I 

 came across a " dug-out " log containing water used for tanning, and this vessel 

 simply swarmed with Stegomyia larvae. 



At Sonkonia, G. palpalis, Hippocentrum trimaculatum, Anopheles funestus, and 

 Steffomyia stiffens were the only blood-sucking insects obtained. 



Falaba, a large town of over 200 houses, is an important trading base. 

 Tabanus kingsleyi was troublesome on the road, while at Falaba itself the 

 following were caught : — G. palpalis, Tabanus sp. n., T. kingsleyi, T. taeniola, 

 T. laverani, and T. subangustus. 



Between Falaba and Kombile, the country consists of low rounded hills almost 

 entirely covered with grass. The whole area is burnt during the dry season, 

 and this, to a great extent, accounts for the small number and the unhealthy 

 appearance of the trees which remain, and the preponderance of grass. The 

 only town of any size on this route is Gberea, but there are many fakais — the 

 local name for small temporary farms or grazing grounds. Many cattle are 

 kept in this region, and they are, on the whole, healthy-looking. One horse was 

 seen at Kombile with all the outward signs of trypanosomiasis. 



At Gberea, the following blood-sucking flies were obtained: — Glossina 

 palpalis, Tabanus sp. n., T. kingsleyi, T. nificrus, T. subangustus, T. congoiensis, 

 and Stegomyia fasciata ; while at Kombile only G. palpalis (at the River Seli) 

 and T. kingsleyi were captured. 



Between Kombile and Serakolia, the country is an extensive undulating plateau 

 intersected by small steep ravines. These ravines are covered with dense 

 vegetation and abundant undergrowth. In most of these, G* palpalis was 

 found. The plateau consists of open orchard -land, is park-like in character, or 

 what is often described as open, African Oak forest. Glossina longipalpis was 

 caught on the plateau. In addition to these two species, Tabanus sp. n., T. 

 kingsleyi, T. subangustus, and Hippocentrum trimaculatum exist. 



From Serakolia to Yiraia Sokurella is a long and arduous journey over very 

 hilly country with abundant low bush ; there are numerous small streams and 

 swamps, and the road would hardly be passable towards the end of the rains. A 

 very interesting feature of this journey was the finding of mosquito larvae in the 

 "bush." At a small river called the Waliki, while searching for pupae of Glossina, 

 I came across several isolated pools in rocks, containing mosquito larvae. On 

 breeding these out I found them to be Stegomyia sugens. A little further on, 

 while crossing a large expanse of exposed rock at least 40 yards from any shade, 

 I came across another pool of water, less than one inch in depth, also con- 

 taining larvae. I had no thermometer to take the temperature of the water, 

 but it was distinctly " warm " being exposed to the full force of the mid-day sun. 

 These also turned out to be S. sugens. It may be noted that both these places 

 were at least five miles from any human habitation and on a route that is not 

 very frequented. 



