﻿178 JAS. J. SIMPSON — ENTOMOLOGICAL 



swamp, about nine miles away on the road to Afikpo, the source of the River 

 Ivo, which flows into the Imo, Glossina palpalis and Hippocentrum trimaculatum 

 were abundant. At Ishiago, on the River Ivo, the same two species, along with 

 Tabanus secedens, Avere taken, while, at this place also, jiggers (Dermatophihis 

 penetrans) were a perfect scourge in the native-built rest-house. So abundant 

 were they that in a small space on the ground dozens could be seen hopping about. 

 The carriers suffered badly and for days afterwards kept continually extracting 

 them from their feet. One man assured me that he took twenty-seven from one 

 foot. The only remedy in such a case is the complete destruction of the house 

 by fire. This I recommended to the Medical Officer of the district. 



Bende. — This district lies in the drainage area of the Cross River. The 

 country throughout is undulating and broken and is covered with light bush of 

 the savannah-forest type, except near the water-courses, where it is very dense. 

 At the time of my visit (May 1910), by far the commonest blood-sucking fly 

 was Hippocentrum trimaculatum. In addition to those species seen by the writer, 

 and two sent by Dr. Wilson, Dr. P. H. Macdonald made exhaustive collections 5 

 and from these sources the following list has been drawn up : — Glossina palpalis, 

 G. fusca, Chrysops silacea, Hippocentrum trimaculatum, Tabanus bcsti, T. 

 kingsleyi, T. par, T. taeniola, T. williamsi (one specimen), Culex deceits, C. duttoni, 

 C. tigripes v&v.fuscus, Culiciomyia nebulosa, Eretmopodites leuco/ms, Mansonioides 

 uniformis, Stegomyia africana, S. apicoargentea, S. fasciata, S. luteocepliala, 

 Myzomyia costalis, M. funesta, Culicoides graliami, and Ctenoccphalus ca.nis. 

 Cordylobia anthropophaga and Auchmcromyia lutedla have also been recorded from 

 this station, while Haemaphysalis leachi was found on a pig and Rhipiceplialus 

 sanguineus on a leopard. 



Dr. Wilson, in forwarding specimens of Glossina palpalis and Chrysops silacea, 

 wrote : — " These two flies are very common in the station. Both were caught in 

 the dispensary. The Chrysops is a vicious biter." 



Dr. Macdonald has also kindly supplied the following notes : — 



" Sand-flies {Culicoides graliami) are a very great pest in this station and bite 

 severely from 4.30 p.m. until dark. They also bite in the morning, but the 

 number then is very small compared with that at evening-time. After one has 

 bitten a well marked wheal is left, which itches intensely for a few minutes, and 

 sometimes the itching lasts for several hours, though of course less severe than 

 that of the first few minutes after the bite. In April they first became troublesome 

 and are at their height now (August). There is a small spring, about 200 yards 

 from the bungalow, and from about 4.30 p.m. they are very troublesome there. 

 They are not so numerous at the bungalow, but still extremely troublesome, about 

 10-15 settling on one in five minutes. Clearing and drainage of the land around 

 the bungalow seems to have had no effect in the reduction of numbers. The 

 native name for them is " Atita." One European who lived here was perfectly 

 indifferent to them and they caused him no annoyance whatever." 



Goats, sheep and pigs seem to thrive quite well at Bende, bat horses all die 

 soon after importation. Leopard, bush-cow and several varieties of antelope are 

 to be found in the vicinity of the station. 



From Ikpe, about 20 miles from Bende, Chrysops silacea, Hippocentrum 

 trimaculatum Culex duttoni and Mansonioides uniformis have been recorded. 



