144 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT ON THE STATE CABINET. 



JUNCACEiE. Rushes. 



LUZULA, BC. Wood-rushes. 



PILOSA, Willd. Hairy Luzula. 



Damp shady banks of streams. Along TTood creek and near Oneida lake, 



Knieskern. Abundant on the wooded flats and rocky sides of Fish creek. 



Yates county, Sartwell m herb. Ham. Coll. Abundant. May. 



CAMPESTRis, DC. Field Luzula. 



Dry woodlands. Common. May. 



JUNCUS, L. Rushes. Junci. 



EFFUSus, L. Effuse Juncus. 



Ditches, low meadows. Common. June. 



FiLiFORMis, L. Filiform Juncus. 



Sandy shores of lakes in the north woods. Head of Oneida lake, Gray. 

 Lake Ontario near Sackett's-harbor, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N.Y. 



Rare. July. 



BALTicus, Willd. Baltic Sea Juncus. 



Gravelly shores of the St. Lawrence and of Lake Ontario, Torrey Fl. N.Y. 

 Lake shore, Sackett's-harbor, Knieskern. 



Common in the muddy portions of the swamp in "West-Bergen, north- 

 eastern Genesee county. 



This plant appears out of place here. Its usual habitat is the border of 

 the Lake; while this station is tiirec hundred feet or more above the level of 

 the Lake, and nearly twenty miles south of the shore and has been found 

 still farther inland. Other shore plants accompany it; Scirpus torreyi, Zy- 

 gadenus glaucus, Solidago houghtonii of which only one other station is 

 known, on the northern shore of Lake Michigan : all depend on the water 

 of the Lake for their establishment. Their presence at this place, therefore, 

 indicates that the surface of the water has been so much higher, or the land 

 so much lower, at some time past. 



Furthermore, this is a seaside plant, native in the north of Europe and 

 on our northern coasts. For its introduction to the Great Lakes, it is just as 

 dependent on the ocean as are Ranunculus cy/abalaria, .^triplex hastata, 

 Saliconia herbacea, Najas major, Ruppia mariti/na, Triglochin maritimum, 

 J. bulbosus, Scirpus maritimus and iSpartina stricta for their existence at 

 Onondaga lake, and Lathy rus maritimus on the beaches of Oneida lake. 

 These localities are all nearly on the same level, which must have been the 

 shore of a maritime bay, during some ancient period. This period cannot 

 have been less remote than the Post-tertiary, and may have been among the 

 epochs of the Tertiary itself. 



So these stations prove these very species of plants to be very old; and 

 because still identical in character, both inland and on the coast, that they 

 have not varied in the least during so many ages and so great changes. 



Rare. July. 



sciRPOiDES, Lamarck. Scirpus-like Juncus. 



Borders of ponds and streams. Low sandy points of lakes in the north woods. 

 Shores of North pond near Alder creek. Shores of Lake Ontario, near 

 Sackett's-harbor, Gray in Rare plants of Northern N .Y. Reoccurring on 

 the hills south of the Mohawk valley. Along Canaderaga lake outlet, Otsego 

 county. Southern Oneida and Madison counties, Gray. Yates county, Sart- 

 well in herb. Ham. Coll. Frequent. July. 



PARADOXUS, Meyer. Remarkable- fruited Juncus. 



Wet banks of rivulets, grassy marshes, around swamps, lakes, and all 

 water-courses. Common. July. August. 



