2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



section of North Carolina, and nearly all of Tennessee. Early in the 

 sixteenth century, it also extended over most of eastern Arkansas. 

 As marginal districts should be added the remainder of North and 

 South Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, and some areas 

 northward of the Ohio River itself. (See map 1.) 



Considered as an archeological province, we shall have to extend 

 not merely the marginal regions but the primary as well over most 

 of the Ohio Valley and as far up the Mississippi as southern Wis- 

 consin. The difference between the two indicates plainly a later 

 shrinkage of culture-bearing tribes toward the south and in some 

 measure toward the east and west. (See map 2.) 



The geographical conditions are shown on map 3. 



EXPLANATION OF MAP 3 

 (Facing p. 4) 

 The physical areas are as given by Nevin M. Fenneman in cooperation with the 

 Physiographic Committee of the Geological Survey, except for some changes in 

 numbering. On Fenneman's map the areas are described as follows: 



1. Coastal Plain a, Embayed section la, Submaturely dissected 



and partly submerged, 

 terraced coastal plain. 



b, Sea Island section lb, Young to mature terraced 



coastal plain with 

 submerged border. 



c, Floridian section Ic, Young marine plain, 



with sand hiUs, swamps, 

 sinks, and lakes. 



d, East Gulf Coastal Id, Young to mature belted 



Plain. coastal plain. 



e, Mississippi Alluvial le, Flood plain and delta. 



Plain. 



f, West Gulf Coastal If, Young grading inland to 



Plain. mature coastal plain. 



2. Piedmont prov- a, Piedmont Upland 2a, Submaturely dissected 



ince. peneplain on disordered 



resistant rocks; mod- 

 erate relief. 



b. Piedmont Lowlands 2b, Less uplifted peneplain on 



weak strata; residual 

 ridges on strong rocks. 



3. Blue Ridge prov- a. Northern section 3a, Maturely dissected moun- 



ince. tains of crystalline 



rocks ; accordant alti- 

 tudes. 



b, Southern section 3b, Subdued mountains of 



disordered crystalline 

 rocks. 



4. Valley and Ridge a. Tennessee section 4a, Second-cycle mountains 



province, of folded strong and 



weak strata; valley belts 

 predominate over even- 

 crested ridges. 



