66 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



united against him, Pardo determined to pass on, and in 3 days spent 

 in traversing unoccupied country he came to a town the name of which 

 he was unable to remember when he prepared his report but which 

 Vandera gives as Chalahume. He described the land about as very 

 good and thought that there was gold and silver there, a rather common 

 Spanish obsession. One day more took Pardo to Satapo, but now the 

 Indians adopted such an unfriendly attitude that, added to renewed 

 reports that the four tribes were united to oppose him a day's march 

 farther on, it was decided to give up further explorations. Conse- 

 quently, the Spaniards returned to Chiaha, and later reached Santa 

 Elena by the longer route, leaving garrisons at Chiaha, Cauchi, Joara, 

 and Guatari. 



Vandera adds some interesting facts to the above narrative. He 

 tells us that, though Pardo did not pass beyond Satapo, a soldier had 

 gone on, probably before Pardo reached Chiaha, and he and some 

 Indians had informed Vandera that it took 5 or 6 days to reach "Cossa" 

 from Satapo and that there were only 3 small towns on the way, 1 

 of which, Tasqui, was 2 days' journey from Satapo, another called 

 Tasquiqui a little farther on, and 1 day's journey beyond this was a 

 destroyed tow^n named Olitifar. The next 2 days were through de- 

 serted country, then a small town was reached and, about a league 

 beyond, another, and then Cossa. Within the first 2 days, in going 

 from Satapo to Tasqui, were 3 great rivers. The number of dwellings 

 in Cossa was estimated at 150. Seven days' journey beyond lay 

 "Trascaluza," the Tascalusa of De Soto, which they did not pretend 

 to have visited. 



Another interesting item in Vandera's narrative is the statement 

 that the river of Guatari ran by "Sauapa and Usi, where salt is made, 

 near the sea sixty leagues from Santa Elena." Usi may be another 

 form of Issa or Iswa, though it is not the same province. Were it not 

 that it is placed near the ocean, we should be tempted to see in it a 

 synonym for the Catawba Indians, as does Mooney, and in Sauapa, 

 which Buckingham Smith reads Sauxpa, Waxhaw, or Sissipahaw. In 

 fact, I believe Mooney's second guess regarding Sauapa or Sauxpa is 

 correct, though the location on the lower Santee or Pee Dee River is 

 far from the historic seat of that tribe in central North Carolina. 

 However, Col. Barnwell tells us that Sissipahaw was a synonym for 

 Shakori, and it is at least probable that this tribe was a branch of the 

 Shakori. Now, there is good reason, adduced elsewhere, for believing 

 that the Shakori and Eno formerly lived in what is now South Caro- 

 lina and moved north, partly from fear of the Spaniards and partly 

 through pressure from the Cherokee. That being the case, the Chi- 

 cora of the Ayllon documents may be identified with Shakori, another 

 proof that the tribe was within reach of vessels on the coast — and, of 

 course, this involves the Sissipahaw also. The form Sauxpa I accept 



