76 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bdul. 137 



two Indians, one named Wanchese and the other Manteo. The follow- 

 ing year a colony was planted on Roanoke Island under Ralph Lane 

 which endured one winter and returned to England with Sir Francis 

 Drake in the summer of 1586. The same year a supply ship sent by 

 Raleigh touched at Roanoke Island but, of course, found no one there, 

 and still later Sir Charles Grenville, who had brought out the first colo- 

 nists, visited the place and landed 15 men "to reteine possession of the 

 Countrey." In 1587 another expedition was sent out in two vessels with 

 a body of prospective colonists under the leadership of John White. 

 They planned to relieve the 15 men and plant a new colony in Chesa- 

 peake Bay, but it was found that the men had been murdered and the 

 ship's captain, Simon Fernandino, refused to land them in any other 

 spot. They, therefore, attempted to renew the colony at the same place. 

 'Wlien the vessels set out on their return to England, August 27, 1587, 

 White was persuaded by the colonists to accompany them in order to 

 see that they received supplies, but, due in part to the descent of 

 the Spanish armada the year following, WTiite was unable to return 

 to America until 1590. On the site the colonists had occupied, he then 

 found a message intimating that they had been obliged to move to 

 Croatan, but bad weather, the loss of three anchors and some men, and 

 the consequent indisposition of the captain to remain longer prevented 

 White from visiting that place, and he was forced to return to Eng- 

 land. Raleigh afterward sent several other vessels in search of the 

 colonists, but they were not found and "the lost colony of Roanoke" 

 has become something of a myth. Strachey asserts that Powhatan had 

 had the survivors killed a short time before Jamestown was settled, 

 but it does not seem likely that they were ever in the territories con- 

 trolled by him. Lawson is on firmer ground when he suggests that the 

 lighter color of some Hatteras Indians whom he visited in 1701 was 

 due to members of this colony. (Burrage, 1906, pp. 225-323 ; Lawson, 

 1714, p. 108; Strachey, 1849.) 



In 1607 came the first permanent English settlement in America, at 

 Jamestown, Va. Until about the middle of the century the contacts 

 of these colonists, except for Smith's travels, were with the Indians of 

 the Powhatan Confederation, but in 1650 an expedition visited the 

 Iroquoian and Algonquian tribes between Chesapeake Bay and Albe- 

 marle Sound. In 1669 and 1670 John Lederer penetrated the Appa- 

 lachian Mountains, passing through the country of the Siouan tribes, 

 of whom he gives a short but important account, and in 1671 much the 

 same journey was undertaken by Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam. 

 The first part of the year 1670 was devoted by John Lederer to a much 

 longer expedition along the Occaneechi trail toward the southwest in 

 which he visited many of the Siouan tribes in the interior of North 

 Carolina and seems to have gone as far as the Catawba country. In 



