SWANTON] INiDIANS OP THE SOUTHEASTERN UNHTED STATES 77 



1674 came the inland journeys of James Needham and Gabriel Arthur 

 to the more remote Siouan peoples and the Yuchi (Alvord, 1912). 

 Unnamed traders and explorers from Virginia penetrated to the Upper 

 Creeks at such an early date that the Creek word applied to white 

 Americans is Watcina (Virginians). By 1700 they had gotten as far 

 as the Quapaw country, where Gravier met one of them. As a result 

 of the Tuscarora War of 1711-13, the most powerful tribe between 

 Virginia and the Carolinas was removed. 



In 1670 Charleston, S. C, was settled as the capital of a new colony, 

 and new lines of influence immediately began to radiate from that 

 point. Slight differences with the nearer tribes, particularly the 

 Coosa, were followed by a more serious war with the Westo, believed 

 to have been part of the Yuchi, in which the colony was rescued by 

 a band of Shawnee, who drove this hostile tribe out of the country. 

 In 1684 and the years immediately following, the English drew the 

 Yamasee and some related tribes away from the Spaniards in Florida. 

 Before the end of the century, as early as 1698 it is claimed, English- 

 men had penetrated through the country of the Creeks and Chickasaw 

 to the Mississippi, and an Englishman named Daniel Coxe projected 

 the establishment of a colony to occupy the territory which became 

 French Louisiana, claimed prior rights to it by virtue of exploration, 

 and named it Carolana. A vessel sent by him, under a captain named 

 Bond, was encountered by Bienville in 1700 at a place on the Mis- 

 sissippi afterward known as English Turn. In 1700-1701 John Law- 

 son, a surveyor, traveled through the country of the Siouan Indians 

 and left an invaluable account of them. English traders and slave 

 hunters were circulating throughout pretty much all the country 

 east of the Mississippi before the end of the seventeenth century. 

 In 1700 they inspired a body of Chickasaw to fall upon the Acolapissa 

 to obtain slaves, and in 1711, or about that time, the Chawasha 

 were raided at British instigation by the Natchez, Yazoo, and Chicka- 

 saw. In 1704, as we have seen, they broke up the powerful Apalachee 

 tribe and in 1706-7 treated the Apalachicola in much the same way. 

 In 1715, however, their slave-raiding propensities brought its nemesis 

 when they took a general census of the Indians in the neighborhood 

 of South Carolina and were suspected of doing so with the intention 

 of enslaving them. Milling has shown what abundant reasons existed 

 for this suspicion. 



The uprising which followed is usually known as the Yamasee 

 War, but it was participated in more or less actively by the Apalachee, 

 Catawba and their allies, Apalachicola, Creeks, and Cherokee. Rapid 

 successes of the colonials, first against the Yamasee and then the 

 Catawba, who were advancing from the north, put an end to the 

 immediate danger, but the Yamasee, Apalachee, Apalachicola, and 



