SwANTON] INlDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTEiRN UNITED STATES 87 



teenth century, they were living on Alabama Kiver just below the 

 junction of the Coosa and Tallapoosa. In 1702, when the French estab- 

 lished themselves at Fort Louis in Mobile Bay, they found the Mobile 

 and Tohome tribes at war with the Alabama, and they themselves 

 became involved in the hostilities, the Alabama being abetted, and 

 sometimes actively aided, by the English. This war lasted from 1703 

 to 1712. In 1715 English influence was shaken by the great Yamasee 

 uprising and in 1717 Bienville established a post at the junction of the 

 Coosa and Tallapoosa, which was named Fort Toulouse. It secured 

 the tribe to the French interest until the entire territory was sur- 

 rendered to England in 1763. About the time of its erection, the 

 Tawasa, who had taken refuge near Mobile after attacks by the English 

 and Creeks, joined the Alabama and established themselves in the towns 

 of Tawasa and Autauga. The Pawokti seem to have accompanied them. 

 Hawkins describes all of these towns as they existed in 1799 when the 

 Alabama proper seem to have been confined to Red Ground (Kan- 

 tcati), although we know that Alabama also occupied Okchaiutci and 

 probably Muklasa (q. v.) and part of White Ground (Kan-hatki). 

 Before the above movement took place, the Alabama had a town called 

 Bear Fort (given on the maps as Nitahauritz for Nita holihta) farther 

 down the river. After the peace concluded between England and 

 France in 1763, the tribe began to break up. As early as 1778 some 

 Kan-tcati and Tawasa moved to Florida to swell the numbers of the 

 Seminole. Some Alabama of the town of Okchaiutci accompanied 

 those Koasati who effected a temporary settlement on Tombigbee River 

 at about this period. A considerable body went as far as the Missis- 

 sippi, where they were found in August 1777 by William Bartram, 2 

 miles above the Manchac. This band remained here until after 1784. 

 In the meantime other bodies of Alabama seem to have moved to Red 

 River, and by the time Sibley made his report (1806) there was one 

 band containing about 30 men, living near the Caddo, the greater part 

 of a settlement that had been made 16 miles above Bayou Rapides, and 

 another party about 30 miles northwest of Opelousas. Later some 

 Alabamamoved to the Sabine River, and the greater part of them finally 

 drifted into Texas, where they are settled in what is now Polk County 

 between Livingston and Woodville though a few families remained in 

 Louisiana (pi. 2). That portion which stayed in the Creek Nation 

 took a very active part in the Creek War of 1813-14, and after its 

 conclusion, their old territory having been ceded to the whites, they 

 were compelled to move north of the confluence of the Coosa and 

 Tallapoosa. Most of them settled in a town which took the name of 

 the Tawasa, and this may mean that the Alabama who remained in 

 the Nation were mainly of that formerly distinct tribe. The rest are 

 said to have gone to live on Coosa River above Wetumpka and may 



