90 BUREAU OF AMEBICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



on St. Johns River heard that it was from this province that gold was 

 to be obtained. We also get quite a description of it, albeit second- 

 hand, from Fontaneda from information gleaned while he was held 

 captive by the Calusa between 1551 and 1566, and incidentally we may 

 add that he effectually disposes of the story of Apalachee gold. The 

 Apalachee are said to have asked for missionaries as early as 1607 and 

 Father Prieto visited them the following year, being received with 

 great enthusiasm. The need of missionaries is repeated frequently in 

 documents dating from 1608 to 1633, but active work was not begun 

 until the year last mentioned when, on October 16, 2 monks set out 

 for that tribe, and the conversion proceeded rapidly. Barcia says that 

 it was interrupted by a native outbreak in 1638, but this notice prob- 

 ably belongs to the year 1647 when a great revolt did take place in 

 which 3 of the 8 missionaries were killed and the 7 churches and 

 convents already established were destroyed, together with the sacred 

 objects. The lieutenant of the province and his family were also slain, 

 and the first force sent against the Indians, under Don Martin de Cuera, 

 Avas compelled to retire after an all-day battle. Not long afterward, 

 however, the uprising was put down with comparative ease, seemingly 

 by means of friendly Apalachee. Twelve of the leaders were executed 

 and 26 others condemned to labor on the fortifications of St. Augustine, 

 the tribe as a whole being compelled to furnish workers annually for 

 that purpose. The conversion of the tribe was now completed rapidly. 

 Apalachee were involved in the Timucua rebellion of 1656, but the 

 disturbance seems to have subsided among them without application of 

 force though a captain and 12 soldiers were placed in San Luis, one 

 of the head towns. Throughout the rest of the century, and indeed 

 until 1701, the Apalachee made constant appeals for relief from the 

 labor imposed upon them at the end of their "rebellion," but this was 

 not finally accomplished until 1704. In the winter of 1703-4 the 

 tribe was entirely disrupted by a South Carolina force under Col. 

 James Moore consisting of 50 men with 1,000 Creek allies. The Apa- 

 lachee had suffered a severe defeat the year before, but at this time 

 Moore claims to have brought back 1,300 Apalachee with him not count- 

 ing 100 slaves. The former he established near New Windsor below 

 the present North Augusta, S. C. The number carried off is conceded 

 by the Governor of Florida to have been 600, while Bienville, writing 

 from Mobile, says the English had killed and made prisoner 6,000 

 or 7,000. The English estimate is probably not far wrong. Those who 

 escaped the English went to Pensacola and most of them moved later 

 to Mobile, probably toward the end of 1705, thinking that the French 

 would furnish better protection. At the outbreak of the Yamasee War, 

 the Apalachee who had been taken to the Savannah retired among the 

 Lower Creeks, where some had already settled, and, when the English 



