SwANTON] INiDIANS OF THE SiOUTHEASTERN UMTEiD STATES 91 



faction there acquired the ascendency, they withdraw farther south, 

 part into their old country, part to a new settlement near San Marcos 

 on the Gulf coast, and part to the neighborhood of Pensacola. In 1727, 

 the Apalachee belonging to these last two groups are said to have 

 "revolted" against Spain, but by the next year had returned to their 

 allegiance. Later all seem to have gravitated to Pensacola, for we hear 

 no more of the rest, but the Mobile and Pensacola bands maintained 

 a separate existence as late as 1758, and probably until 1763, when the 

 territories of both were ceded to Great Britain ' In consequence of this 

 political change, the Apalachee appear to have united and by about 

 1764 they, together with the Taensa Indians and the Pakana band of 

 Creeks, settled on Red River. Their land and that of the Taensa 

 adjoined, lying between Bayou d'Arro and Bayou Jean de Jean. In 

 1803 the Taensa sold this land to Miller and Fulton, but only a portion 

 was allowed the purchasers by the United States commissioners in 1812 

 on the ground that the sale had not been agreed to by the Apalachee. 

 The Apalachee probably lost their share before long, however, in one 

 of those ways in which things were in the habit of taking place in 

 bargains between whites and Indians, but the survivors remained in 

 the region and died out or united with other tribes. A few families 

 went to Oklahoma with the Creeks, and mention is made by Dr. 

 Gatschet of three families of them on the North Canadian River, the 

 following names of women being given : Simahi, Tut'hayi, and Santi. 

 Apalachee population. — The early population of this tribe has often 

 been exaggerated. The most reasonable is an estimate of 5,000 made 

 in 1676, though it is possible that a hundred years earlier there were 

 1,000 more, and Mooney suggests 7,000 in 1650, including a few other 

 tribes, while Governor Salazar's mission by mission estimate made in 

 1675 gives a total of 6,130. The figures given by Moore (1,300 free 

 Indians plus 100 slaves) and Bienville (400 Indians) indicate that 

 there were about 2,000 at the time when they were destroyed (1704). 

 The exceptionally careful Indian census taken by the English in 1715 

 gives 275 men and a total population of 638 in the four Apalachee 

 villages under their control on Savannah River. The Apalachee town 

 near Pensacola contained more than 100 in 1718. In 1725 the Mobile 

 band had been reduced to 100, but in 1728 there were still two villages 

 in the old Apalachee country numbering 140 and 20 persons respec- 

 tively. In 1726, 87 Apalachee were enumerated in the missions about 

 St. Augustine and 41 in 1728. In 1758 there were said to be 30 war- 

 riors in the western settlements, probably including practically all 

 the survivors in both Spanish and French territories. In 1805 Sibley 

 tells us there were only 14 warriors in the Apalachee tribe in Lou- 

 isiana. Morse gives this band a total of 150 as of 1817, but this is 

 probably too high. (See also Timucua.) 



