98 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



Biloxi population. — In 1699 the Biloxi, Pascagoula, and Moctobi 

 together are said by La Harpe to have had 130 warriors. Iberville 

 states that the abandoned town of the Biloxi contained 30 to 40 cabins. 

 In 1702 Iberville allows 100 families to the united tribes, and in 1758 

 De Kerlerec estimated for these together and the Chatot more than 

 100 warriors. In 1805 Sibley sets down the number of Biloxi as 30, 

 but Morse (1822) gives 70, and Schoolcraft sponsors 65 as of the 

 year 1829. Mooney supplies an estimate of 1,000 for this tribe, the 

 Pascagoula, and Moctobi, as of the year 1650; my own is a sixth 

 smaller. 



CADDO 

 (See Bulletin 132 (Swanton, 1942)) 



A division of the Caddoan linguistic family from which the family 

 derived its name. It consisted of three lesser confederations — the 

 Caddo proper or Kadohadacho, Hasinai, and Natchitoches, and two 

 unattached tribes, the Adai and Eyeish, which were very likely re- 

 lated more closely to each other. De Soto encountered one of the 

 tribes of this group under the name Tula in southwestern Arkansas in 

 1541 near the present Caddo Gap, perhaps to be identified with the 

 later Cahinnio. While the army was encamped at Tanico somewhere 

 to the northeast of this place, De Soto went on ahead to visit these 

 Tula with a small body of cavalry, but met a warm reception from 

 the inhabitants and immediately returned. October 5 the whole 

 army left Tanico and on Friday, October 7, came to the Tula town, 

 which they found deserted. Next morning, however, the natives re- 

 turned upon them armed with long lances hardened in the fire, and 

 they proved to be "the best fighting people that the Christians met 

 with." In July, 1542, after De Soto's death, the Spaniards reentered 

 Caddo territories in northwestern Louisiana, and all of the rest of 

 their journey, until they gave up the attempt to reach Mexico by 

 land, was among Caddo, as may readily be determined from the 

 names. In 1650 the Spaniards in Mexico again heard of these In- 

 dians under the name Texas or Tejas, a word which signifies 

 "friends," and made several attempts to visit their country. In 

 1686 and again in 1687 La Salle entered it in his quest for the Mis- 

 sissippi River after landing on the Texas coast. In the latter year 

 he was killed by some of his followers near the lands of the Hasinai, 

 and a few Frenchmen remained among the Indians while others, in- 

 cluding the historian Joutel, passed completely through Caddo ter- 

 ritory and came out upon the Mississippi at the mouth of the Arkan- 

 sas. In 1690 Alonso de Leon, accompanied by the Missionary Da- 

 mian Massanet, traversed the Caddo country from west to east as far 

 as the Adai. A mission was established that same year in the ter- 



