SWANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 109 



raid was conducted in the interest of British slave traders. In 1712 

 Bienville states that he moved the Chawasha to the Mississippi and 

 established them on the right bank 25 leagues from its mouth. At this 

 point there is considerable confusion among our authorities. Charle- 

 voix seems to speak of their old village in his time as on the west bank 

 and a new one half a league lower down on the opposite side. Unless 

 Bienville is speaking of the second village, we have three locations 

 given, before Charlevoix's time, i. e., 1722. They continued to live 

 near here until the Natchez uprising in 1729. A few months later, 

 in 1730, in order to quiet the panic fears of the French at New Orleans, 

 Governor Perrier was weak enough to allow a band of slaves to destroy 

 the Chawasha town. He and most other writers represent this as a 

 total massacre but Dumont, who is probably correct, says that the 

 negroes had been instructed to kill adult males only and that, in fact, 

 they murdered only seven or eight, the rest being off hunting. At any 

 rate there are two subsequent notices of this tribe. In 1739 an officer 

 with M. de Nouaille met them and the related Washa near the post 

 called "Les Allemands" and on the left bank of the Mississippi. In 

 1758 Governor De Kerlerec states that they then formed a little village 

 3 or 4 leagues from New Orleans. Afterward these two tribes evi- 

 dently declined steadily, and they disappear toward the close of the 

 eighteenth century or the beginning of the nineteenth. 



Chawasha population. — In 1699 La Harpe reports that there were 

 200 warriors in the three tribes, Chawasha, Washa, and Okelousa, and 

 in 1702 Iberville gives that number of families in the same three. 

 About 1725 Bienville estimates 40 warriors. In 1739 the officer with 

 M. de Nouaille gives 30 in the two tribes together ; in 1758 De Kerlerec 

 estimates 10-12 warriors in this tribe alone. Mooney's estimate of the 

 Chawasa population, together with that of the Washa and Opelousa, 

 as of the year 1650, is 1,400 ; my own is 700 for the Washa, Chawasha, 

 and Okelousa. 



CHERAW, SARAW, SARA 



(Called by the Spaniards Xuala, Xualla, Joara, Juada, x and ; being equivalent 



to English sh.) 



A Siouan tribe first visited by the Spaniards under De Soto when 

 living in a town in the northwestern corner of what is now the State 

 of South Carolina close to Chattooga Ridge and probably at Towns 

 Hill. It was visited by the Spanish captain Juan Pardo in 1566, 

 who built a fort there named Fort San Juan in which he left hi& 

 lieutenant Boyano with some soldiers. Boyano afterward took part 

 of his force to Chiaha on the Tennessee River, and when Pardo 

 reached the Cheraw town in 1567 from Santa Elena, he found that 

 the garrison Boyano had left there was besieged by the Indians. 

 The latter submitted, however, on his arrival. Some time after 



