116 BUREAU OF AMERICAK ETHNOLOGY [Boll. 137 



In 1715, they accompanied the Creek towns, which withdrew to the 

 Chattahoochee and finally settled near the Osochi and Okmulgee inside 

 of the great eastward bend of the river. They had several out-villages 

 in 1797-99, one called Little Chiaha a mile and half west of the 

 Hitchiti town, and three on Flint River, though one of these, known 

 as Hotalgihuyana, they shared with the Osochi. After the removal 

 to Oklahoma, they settled in the northeastern corner of the Creek 

 reservation and maintained their Square Ground even after the Civil 

 War, but have now practically lost their identity. Some of them, 

 however, went to Florida and the western Seminole had a Square 

 Ground bearing their name as late as 1929. Tradition states that the 

 Mikasuki, who played such a part in Seminole history, branched off 

 from these people, but final proof of this is as yet wanting. 



Chiaha population. — There are no figures on the northern section 

 of this tribe unless they were possibly represented in the two Upper 

 Creek towns reported in 1832-33 under variations of the same name. 

 One of these had 126 Indians, the other 306. A Spanish census of 

 1738 gives 120 warriors for the southern division and the Osochi and 

 Okmulgee together. In 1750 there were reported only 20 Chiaha 

 warriors, and in 1760 there were 160, while we have the figure 120 re- 

 peated in the roll of 1761. Marbury, in 1792, gives 100 Chiaha and Apa- 

 lachicola together, and finally the census of 1832-33 returned a Chiaha 

 population, exclusive of the northern towns above mentioned, of 381. 

 Hawkins states that there were 20 families in Hotalgi-huyana near 

 the end of the eighteenth century, but in 1821 Young gives a population 

 of 210, and the rather excessive figure of 670 for the Chiaha Indians. 



CHICKASAW 



A tribe whose home from some time in the prehistoric past was in 

 the northeastern part of what is now the State of Mississippi be- 

 tween the heads of the Tombigbee and Tallahatchie Rivers. They 

 were found in this region by De Soto in December 1540, and his 

 forces remained in one of their towns from about Christmas until 

 spring. On the morning of March 4, the Chickasaw made a sud- 

 den attack upon their unwelcome guests, fired the town, and might 

 have put an end to the expedition there and then had they not been 

 seized with an unaccountable panic. The shattered army moved 

 to a smaller settlement half a league to a league away and was able 

 to put itself in sufficiently good condition to repel a second attack 

 8 days later. On the 25th or 26th they left the Chickasaw, and it 

 may be said that the first experience of white men with this tribe 

 fully justified its later reputation as a fighting nation. The Na- 

 pochies with whom the Coosa were at war in 1560 were probably 

 the Napissa mentioned by Iberville in 1699 as a tribe which had 



