128 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 187 



CREEK CONFEDERATION 



Its history is discussed under the names of the separate tribes, but 

 particularly under the name of the dominant group, the Muskogee. 



CUSABO 



A tribe, or rather group of small tribes, in the southern part of 

 South Carolina between the present site of Charleston and the Savan- 

 nah River. There was an inland group called Coosa living on the 

 upper courses of the rivers from the Ashley to the Coosawhatchie, and 

 they gave their name to the stream last mentioned and to the Cusabo as 

 a whole. It is possible that they were a branch of the Coosa of Coosa 

 River, Ala., and so related to the Muskogee proper rather than to the 

 Hitchiti, as seems to have been the case with the rest. Among the 

 coast people there appears to have been a minor differentiation be- 

 tween the Indians near Charleston and those about Broad River and 

 the Edisto. The Ayllon settlement of 1526, after removal from its 

 first position, perhaps settled in or near the country of these last, and 

 here, close to Beaufort, was the earliest Huguenot colony. This con- 

 sisted of 28 men who were left there by Jean Ribault in 1562, survived 

 the winter of 1562-63, and in the spring managed to build a small 

 vessel in which a few of them finally reached France after incredible 

 hardships. After destroying the second Huguenot colony on the St. 

 Johns River, Fla., Menendez established a post called Santa Elena 

 near the place where the French fort had stood. Missionary work was 

 attempted among the neighboring Indians by the Jesuit Father Rogel 

 in 1568-70, but it proved unproductive and was abandoned. In 1576 

 an uprising occurred among the neighboring Indians, two bodies of 

 Spanish troops were cut off, and the Spanish fort abandoned, but soon 

 restored, and in 1579 an Indian town named Cocapoy, situated in the 

 marshes 20 leagues away, was captured and its occupants severely 

 handled. In 1580 there was a new uprising resulting in the abandon- 

 ment of the fort a second time. Late in 1582 it was reoccupied, but 

 in 1587 the garrison was finally withdrawn. Missionary work of a 

 somewhat sporadic nature continued, however, and one mission is 

 mentioned called Chatuache or Satuache, 6 to 10 leagues (15.5 to 26 

 miles) northward from Santa Elena. We learn of wars taking place 

 in this period between the Indians of the Cusabo province and those 

 of Quale, and that upon one occasion part of the ''vassals" of a Cusabo 

 chief named Aluete had fled from him and gone to live on St. Simons 

 Island. 



We next get some light on these Indians from the journal of Capt. 

 William Hilton of the English ship Adventit/re^ which visited the coast 

 in 1663, and from that of Capt. Robert Sandford, who was there 3 

 years later. Soon afterward they were scourged by repeated attacks 



