SwANTON] INDIANS OP THE SOUTHEASTEiRN UNiITED STATES 139 



HOTHLIWAHALI, OR, IN ABBREVIATED FORM, THLIWAHALI (LIWAHALI) 



An Upper Creek town generally located on the north bank of the 

 Tallapoosa River at the mouth of Chubbehatchee Creek. It was found 

 in approximately the same position by De Soto, whose chroniclers call 

 it Ulibahali or Ullibahali. It was again visited by a Spanish major 

 with a force of 200 men sent by Tristan de Luna in 1560. It reappears 

 in documents of the late seventeenth century when we learn that dec- 

 larations of war were sent out from it after they had been determined 

 upon by the Creek council. The towns of Atasi and Kealedji may 

 have separated from this, but it is entirely uncertain. The only known 

 branch of any importance was Thlapthlako, which was formed toward 

 the end of the eighteenth century. Both mother and daughter towns 

 preserved their separation after they went to Oklahoma, but the 

 latter proved the more vigorous of the two and has maintained a 

 dance ground down to the present day (1933). 



Hothliwahali population. — The number of warriors or hunters in 

 this town appears as follows in the several estimates : 10 in 1738, 15 in 

 1750, 70 in 1760, 35 in 1761, 110 in 1792. In 1832-33 Hothliwahali and 

 Thlapthlako together were credited with a population of 607, of which 

 427 were in the former town and 180 in the latter. 



HOUMA 



A tribe located in 1682 on the east side of the Mississippi River op- 

 posite the mouth of Red River. They were probably a branch of the 

 Chakchiuma (q. v.). They are first mentioned in the narratives of 

 La Salle's descent of the Mississippi in 1682. In 1686 Tonti made an 

 alliance with them, and in 1699 Iberville, the founder of Louisiana, 

 renewed this and gives a considerable description of their town. In 

 1700 Iberville visited them again, but found that half of the tribe had 

 been destroyed by "an abdominal flux." A Jesuit priest. Father 

 du Rut, who accompanied him, began a mission in the Houma vil- 

 lage and built a church. He was succeeded the same year by Father 

 de Limoges, but the mission did not last long. In 1706 the Tunica ob- 

 tained permission to settle among them, but soon rose upon their hosts 

 and massacred a considerable number. The remainder established 

 themselves on Bayou St. Jean near New Orleans, but soon moved 

 higher up to the present Ascension Parish. At one time there were 

 two settlements here known as Great Houmas and Little Houmas. In 

 September 1739, an officer under M. de Nouaille, on his way up the 

 Mississippi to join in the abortive attack upon the Chickasaw of the 

 following year, found that this tribe, the Bayogoula, and Acolapissa 

 were in process of fusion, their distinctiveness being maintained more 

 by the chiefs than the mass of people. Governor De Kerlerec gives a 



