184 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



SHAWNEE 



The Shawnee Indians were divided into the following bands: 

 Chillicothe, Hathawekela, Kispogogi, Mequachake, and Piqua, but 

 the constitution and history of these is not well understood, though 

 their several towns usually bear the names of the bands. In par- 

 ticular there were a number of towns in Ohio known as Chillicothe 

 and a number of others called Piqua. The most prominent band in 

 the history of the Gulf tribes is the Hathawekela. Our earliest in- 

 formation regarding the Shawnee indicates that, in very early his- 

 toric times, they were on the Ohio River, which they had evidently 

 reached from some point farther north, but before the end of the 

 seventeenth century, they were settled on the Cumberland. They 

 may have been attracted to this spot in part by the Spanish post at 

 St. Augustine, Fla., which they visited in order to trade. In 1674, at 

 the Westo town near the present Augusta, Ga., Henry Woodward met 

 two Shawnee who had recently been at St. Augustine, and it was prob- 

 ably owing to the representations of these men that a considerable body 

 of Shawnee moved over to Savannah River and established them- 

 selves near the Westo. They drove these last from that region in 

 1681, much to the relief of the newly established colony of South 

 Carolina. The Shawnee remained in this place long enough to 

 give their name to Savannah River, but as early as 1707 some of 

 them went to Pennsylvania and about 40 settled *'about 40 miles 

 from Patapsco River" in Maryland. In 1711 another band deserted 

 South Carolina and it is thought they may have been Indians known 

 as Saluda (q. v). These seem to have been joined from time to 

 time by other bands, some of whom stopped for a time on the 

 Potomac before reaching the Quaker colony. A band numbering 

 30 w^as still on the Savannah in 1725, but may have been the Hath- 

 awekela who were reported in Pennsylvania in 1731. In 1715, how- 

 ever, as a result of the Yamasee War a band of these Savannah In- 

 dians had moved to the Chattahoochee and settled near the site of 

 Fort Gaines. Later they passed over to Tallapoosa River, where 

 they formed a town not far above its junction with the Coosa, 

 which they occupied until the beginning of the nineteenth century. 

 It is presumed that they reunited with their kinsmen in the north 

 at that time, but I do not find a record of the time or the circum- 

 stances. A second body of Shawnee lived for a time among the 

 Abihka Indians. This band, originally at least, seems to have be- 

 longed to the Piqua division. It moved into Pennsylvania in 1692 

 along with a Frenchman named Martin Ch artier, who died there in 

 1718. Peter Shabonee, or Pierre Chartier, his son by a Shawnee 

 woman, also married a Shawnee, and settled among Indians of his 

 tribe at Allegheny some time after 1732, where Chartier's town 



