SWANTON] INMAlSrS OF THE SOUTHEASTEHIN" UNITED STATES 201 



Roanoke, and in 1714 the Tutelo, Saponi, Occaneechi, and "Stucka- 

 nox" or Stegaraki (which included the remains of the Manahoac) 

 were settled at Fort Christanna on Meherrin River, the other tribes 

 gravitating toward the south. After peace was finally made between 

 the Iroquois and the Virginia tribes in 1722, the Saponi and the 

 Tutelo moved northward, though not for some years, and before 1744 

 settled at Shamokin, Pa., under Iroquois protection. In 1748 they 

 had moved to a town called Skogari on the north branch of the Sus- 

 quehanna in the present Columbia County, Pa. In 1753 they were 

 formally adopted into the League of the Iroquois. In 1771, however, 

 they were settled on the east side of Cayuga inlet, about 3 miles from 

 the south end of Cayuga Lake, in a town called Coreorgonel. This 

 was destroyed by Sullivan in 1779. A part of them were located for 

 several years near Buffalo, N. Y. Nikonha, from whom Horatio Hale 

 collected linguistic material proving the Siouan relationship of the 

 tribe, the last of the full-blood Tutelo, died in 1871. The last man 

 who could speak the language fluently was John Key, of Costango, 

 who passed away in 1898. Nevertheless, Dr. Leo J. Frachtenberg, 

 when engaged in investigations on the Grand River Reservation, 

 Ontario, in July 1907, for the Bureau of American Ethnology, collected 

 a short vocabulary of Tutelo words from an old woman named Lucy 

 Buck. (See Frachtenberg, 1913.) In August 1911, Dr. Edward 

 Sapir collected another vocabulary from Andrew Sprague, who had 

 been Frachtenberg's interpreter, and had been adopted into the Tutelo 

 tribe in his early years. (See Sapir, 1913.) At the time of Frachten- 

 berg's visit, the tribe was represented by only two families, the Buck 

 and Williams families, and it is practically extinct as a separate entity, 

 though Tutelo ceremonial life still persists, as reported by Speck 

 (1942). 



Tutelo population. — ^In 1709 the Tutelo, Saponi, Occaneechi, Keyau- 

 wee, and Shakori numbered together 750 souls. In 1715 Governor 

 Spotswood reports that the various tribes of Indians who were settled 

 at Fort Christanna — ^the Tutelo, Saponi, Occaneechi, and Manahoac — 

 together numbered 300. In 1673 Sir William Johnson estimated that 

 there might be 200 fighting men in the Tutelo, Saponi, Nanticoke, and 

 Conoy tribes, but by this time the Occaneechi and Manahoac, and 

 probably the Monacan, had been absorbed in the two first mentioned. 

 Mooney's estimate of the population of this tribe, the Saponi, Mana- 

 hoac, and Monacan as of 1600 is 2,700. 



UTINA OR TIMUCUA 



A large tribe or confederation of tribes, between the Santa Fe and 

 Suwannee Rivers and extending to, or in some measure controlling, the 

 settlements on the middle course of St. Johns River, Fla. In 1528 

 Narvaez met a party of Indians which probably belonged to this tribe. 



