220 BUREiAU OF AMERICAN ETHXOLOGY [Bull. 137 



tribes as well as the river tribes within the area itself. The affiliations 

 of the Indians of the first type are with the dolichocephalic peoples 

 in northeastern North America, while the brachycephals are believed 

 to have had connections in the direction of Mexico. (Boas, 1895; 

 Hrdlicka, 1922; Collins, 1941.) 



Krogman's summary of the results of his study of the Seminole 

 Indians of Oklahoma probably gives us the best idea of the char- 

 acteristics of these Indians in modern times, as well as of the Creeks. 



The Seminole is tall, though not among the tallest of the American Indians. 

 This is more true of males than of females. The sitting height is short relative 

 to body and leg length. The Seminole is slightly longer-legged than Whites, 

 especially in the proportionate length of the lower leg. His shoulders are rela- 

 tively narrow, his chest is of average depth — nearer White than Negro — and 

 his hips are wide. There is a pronunced tendency to take on weight during and 

 after the fifth decade of life. 



In his head proportions the Seminole offers an average length and breadth, a 

 minimum frontal diameter slightly above average, and a low head, though not so 

 low as the Sioux. The cephalic index is mesocephalic or sub-brachycephalic. 



The width of the face across the zygomatic arches is typical of the American 

 Indians, though not so pronounced as among the Plains Indians. The female 

 I)ossesses a relatively broader face, but in both sexes the lower faqe is rather 

 broad. The interocular Ireadth is nearer White than Negro. The facial height 

 is average, both total and upper, with lower face slightly below average. The 

 nose is mesorrhinic, but small — smaller than the Sioux. Nasal breadth is 

 intermediate between White and Negro. The ear is small and in its proportions 

 is more White than Negro. The mouth is wide, typical of the American Indian, 

 but lip height is more than among Whites and average Indians, and less than 

 for the Negro. 



The arm is of average length, but the forearm is relatively long, even more 

 so than among the Negroes. The hand is smaller than among the Sioux and 

 is longer and narrower than among other Indians. Middle finger length is inter- 

 mediate between Whites and Negro. 



The leg is relatively long, with lower leg accentuated. The foot is typically 

 Indian — long and wide — but smaller than the Sioux. 



The arm-leg proportions are nearer White than Negro. The leg is relatively 

 long compared to arm, a bit more pronounced than among Whites. 



The Seminole, then, is essentially Indian in his body proportions. As is true 

 among American Indians in general, the majority of Seminole anthropomorphic 

 characteristics, where not absolutely definitive for the Mongoloid type, are inter- 

 mediate between White and Negro, rather nearer the former in most of the 

 observations . . . 



In all essential details the Seminole female reveals sex differences asserted 

 by Hrdli^a for the Sioux and Davenport and Steggerda for the Jamaica 

 Negro. ... 



(Here follow tables of comparative measurements of Seminole, 

 Sioux (Hrdlicka), and Jamaica Negro (Davenport), and a compari- 

 son of Seminole, Creek, and the offspring of Seminole and Creek 

 intermarriage. And he continues : 



In practically every measurement observed differences are well within the 

 S. D. calculated for the Seminoles and are almost certainly due to size of sam- 



