SwANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 221 



pie. The data corroborate an impression gained in the field ; that the Seminole 

 type and the Creek type are substantially identical. The Creek was a bit 

 darker on the average ; and we saw far more Creeks in whom Negro blood was 

 evident, than among Seminoles. But, disregarding these more or less extran- 

 eous factors, the conclusion as to extremely close physical kinship seems war- 

 ranted. . . . 



In his head and face measurements the Seminole is, on the average, slightly 

 more variable than the compared groups: "pure-blood" Sioux, W. R. U. 

 White, W. R. U. Negro, American Negroes, Jamaica Negroes, and native 

 Hawaiians. If this be analyzed it will be found that face is more variable 

 than cranium, which is due, in large part, to the number of smaller measure- 

 ments where variability is bound to be greater. The apparent relative non- 

 homogeneity is thus explained. 



The Seminole cranium was basically brachycephalic, until the introduction of 

 an oblong-headed element presumably ultimately derived from the Algonkian 

 stock. This may have resulted in a trend toward longer-headedness, i. e., 

 sub-brachycephaly or mesocephaly. This head type, however, was still very 

 different from the pronounced dolichocephaly of the Negro and the long- 

 headedness of the White (mostly Scotch) element presumed to enter in as the 

 result of intermixture. If, then, these two differing types, i. e., round- and 

 long-headedness, were to mix, the variability of the resultant population would 

 be quite high. Actually, I do not consider the relative variability of the 

 Seminole head and face measurements to be great enough to allow any pro- 

 nounced impact by other groups. If there has been mixture it has been (a) 

 comparatively slight; and (b) rather remote in time, to permit breeding 

 out . . . 



If, now, we turn to body and appendicular measurement we find the Sem- 

 inole apparently even more variable. His general average variability of 6.44 

 is approached only by the Jamaica Negro, with an average of 5.78. The 

 greater variability of the Seminole is rather consistent for body, arm, and 

 leg (except that the variability of acromial and cristal breadths is probably 

 due to individual tendencies to put on weight). I must point out that some 

 of the variability is attributable to the so-called "compensatory variability," 

 (operating, of course, in all the groups). Specifically, however, for the Sem- 

 inoles the greater variability is attributable in a measure to the fact that all 

 of the subjects were fully clothed and some of them rather heavily so; and 

 that the data were collected by four different observers, so that individual 

 error certainly is an important factor. 



Insofar as the coeflScient of variability can be used as a measure of homo- 

 geneity, and considering the data offered for relatively homogeneous groups, 

 it may be concluded that the sample of male full-blood Seminole possesses a unity 

 arguing for a minimum amount of mixture. (Krogman, 1935, pp. 101-108.) 



More recently Neumann has reported two long-headed primary 

 physical types in the Southeast which appeared early and persisted 

 into historic times, and round-headed people who made their appear- 

 ance later and became prominent only at a relatively recent date. 



In the future it is to be hoped still more accurate and still more exten- 

 sive data will be collected by somatologists and that their work will 

 be supplemented by that of trained psychologists. Pending such 

 studies, perhaps nothing more should be entered here under this head- 

 ing. However, in view of the fact that aboriginal conditions have 



