224 BUREiAU OF AMEHICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



the by-name of the Breeds, supposing them to be mixed with the white people. 

 But though some of them are evidently adulterated by the traders, yet the 

 natural complexion is tawny. 



The women are tall, slim, and of a graceful figure, and have captivating 

 features and manners, and I think their complexion is rather fairer than the 

 men's. 



The Muscogulges are in stature nearly equal to the Cherokees, have fine 

 features, and are every way handsome men. Their noses are very often aqui- 

 line ; they are well limbed, countenances upright, and their eyes brisk and fiery ; 

 but their complexions are of a dark copper color. 



Their women are very small, in appearance not more than half the size of 

 the men; but they have regular and beautiful features, the eyes large, with 

 high-arched eyebrows, and their complexions little, if any, brighter than those 

 of the men. 



There are some tribes in the confederacy which much resemble the Cherokees, 

 in stature and color, etc., viz. : the Uches, Savannahs, and some of the Seminoles. 



I have seen Indian infants of a few weeks old ; their color was like that of a 

 healthy, male, European countryman or laborer of middle age, though inclining 

 a little more to the red or copper tinge; but they soon become of the Indian 

 copper. I believe this change comes naturally, as I never, from constant inquiry, 

 could learn that the Indians had any artificial means of changing their color. . . . 



I have never heard of any white, speckled, or pied people among them, 



[Bartram also comments on] the lankness, extraordinary natural length, and 

 perhaps coarseness of the hair of the head [and its] shining black or brown color, 

 [but states that he has seen the hair of the extreme aged] as white as cotton wool. 

 (Bartram, 1909, pp. 28-29.) 



Timberlake considered the Cherokee merely "of a middle stature, 

 and of an olive color, tho' generally painted, and their skins stained 

 with gunpowder." (Timberlake, 1765, p. 75.) 



Adair, whose knowledge of these Indians was anterior to, and much 

 more intimate than those of Swan and Bartram, says : 



As the American Indians are of a reddish or copper colour — so in general 

 they are strong, well proportioned in body and limbs, surprisingly active and 

 nimble, and hardy in their own way of living. . . . 



It is remarkable that there are no deformed Indians — however, they are 

 generally weaker, and smaller bodied, between the tropics, than in the higher 

 latitudes ; but not in equal proportion : for, though the Chikkasah and Choktah 

 countries have not been long divided from each other, as appears by the sim- 

 ilarity of their language, as well as other things, yet the Chikkasah are exceed- 

 ingly taller, and stronger bodied than the latter, though their country is only 

 two degrees farther north. Such a small difference of latitude, in so healthy a 

 region could not make so wide a difference in the constitution of their bodies. 

 The former are a comely, pleasant looking people; their faces are tolerably 

 round, contrary to the visage of the others, which inclines much to fiatness, as 

 in the case of most of the other Indian Americans. The lips of the Indians, 

 in general, are thin. 



Their eyes are small, sharp, and black; and their hair is lank, coarse, and 

 darkish. I never saw any with curled hair, but one in the Choktah country, 

 where was also another with red hair; probably they were a mii^ture of the 

 French and Indians. (Adair, 1775, pp. 4-CI-) 



