226 BXTREiAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



noticed that under a very large forehead are deep set, bright, black eyes, 

 small, but expressive of inquiry and vigilance; the nose is slightly aquiline 

 and sensitively formed about the nostrils; the lips are mobile, sensuous, and 

 not very full, disclosing, when they smile, beautiful regular teeth; and the 

 whole face is expressive of the man's sense of having extraordinary ability 

 to endure and to achieve. Two of the warriors permitted me to manipulate 

 the muscles of their bodies. Under my touch these were more like rubber than 

 flesh. Noticeable among all are the large calves of their legs, the size of the 

 tendons of their lower limbs, and the strength of their toes. I attribute this 

 exceptional development to the fact that they are not what we would call 

 "horse Indians" and that they hunt barefoot over their wide domain. The 

 same causes, perhaps, account for the only real deformity I noticed in the 

 Seminole physique, namely, the diminutive toe nails, and for the heavy, cracked, 

 and seamed skin which covers the soles of their feet. The feet being otherwise 

 well formed, the toes have only narrow shells for nails, these lying shrunken 

 across the middles of the tough cushions of flesh, which, protuberant about 

 them, form the toe-tips. But, regarded as a whole, in their physique the 

 Seminole warriors, especially the men of the Tiger and Otter gentes, are 

 admirable. Even among thte children this physical superiority is seen. To 

 illustrate, one morning Ko-i-ha-tco's son, Tin-fai-yai-kaix, a tall, slender boy, 

 not quite twelve years old, shouldered a heavy "Kentucky" rifle, left our camp, 

 and followed in his father's long footsteps for a day's hunt. After tramping 

 all day, at sunset he reappeared in the camp, carrying slung across bis 

 shoulders, in addition to rifle and accouterments, a deer weighing perhaps 

 fifty pounds, a weight he had borne for miles. The same boy, in one day, 

 went with some older friends to his permanent home, 20 miles away, and 

 returned. There are, as I have said, exceptions to this rule of unusual physical 

 size and strength, but these are few; so few that, disregarding them, we may 

 pronounce the Seminole men handsome and exceptionally powerful. 



The women to a large extent share the qualities of the men. Some are 

 proportionately tall and handsome, though, curiously enough, many, perhaps 

 a majority, are rather under than over the average height of women. As a 

 rule, they exhibit great bodily vigor. Large or small, they possess regular 

 and agreeable features, shapely and well developed bodies, and they show 

 themselves capable of long continued and severe physical exertion. Indeed, 

 the only Indian women I have seen with attractive features and forms are 

 among the Seminole. I would even venture to select from among these Indians 

 three persons whom I could, without much fear of contradiction, present as 

 t3^pes respectively of a handsome, a pretty, and a comely woman. Among 

 American Indians, I am confident that the Seminole women are of the first 

 rank. (MacCauley, 1887, pp. 481^82.) 



Unfortunately MacCauley does not inform us as to which members 

 of the several clans belonged to the Mikasuki division and which to 

 the Muskogee division. It is to be suspected that the physical differ- 

 ences he attributes to clans belonged rather to bands. 



Let us now hear Lawson's description of the Indians of North 

 Carolina, meaning particularly the Siouan tribes and the Tuscarora : 



The Indians of North Carolina are a well shaped clean made people, of 

 different statures, as the Europeans are, yet chiefly inclined to be tall. They 

 are very straight people, and never bend forward or stoop in the shoulders, 

 unless much overpowered by old age. Their limbs are exceeding well shaped. 



