SWANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 255 



of the coast from those living inland. There was also a steady trade 

 between highland and lowland sections in stone pipes or the raw ma- 

 terial out of which they were made, and mica. For these, shells, 

 shell beads, and other coastal products were exchanged, and exchange 

 had to extend outside of the section in order that the Indians might 

 supply themselves with catlinite and copper. Finally, the unequal 

 distribution of salt both increased the flow of commerce from coast to 

 interior and vice versa. It stimulated trade, and the seasonal move- 

 ments of certain tribes, about various localities where salt licks had 

 been located, particularly in the salt-lick section of Kentucky, and in 

 northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas and Alabama. We shall 

 have more to say of this elsewhere. 



The location of natural productions utilized by the Indians, insofar 

 as they had marked localization and we have record of it, including 

 also the location of the leading fisheries and the resorts of passenger 

 pigeons, is given in map 13. It must be remembered that our infor- 

 mation is very defective and the actual condition is only remotely 

 suggested by this chart. 



THE ANNUAL ECONOMIC CYCLE 



Until plants have been brought into cultivation and animals under 

 domestication, man must seek his food where nature provides it, and 

 this ordinarily involves seasonal migrations, since it is seldom that 

 a succession of food plants and animals sufficient to sustain life is 

 accessible at any one spot throughout the year. 



In southern Florida this condition was very nearly attained and, 

 although horticulture was absent, at least until very late times, the 

 population upon the whole was relatively stable. Continued residence 

 of the Tekesta upon the coast during winter is indicated by the fact 

 that they then put out to sea in search of the manatee or sea cow. The 

 economic life of the Timucua Indians in the Fresh Water province 

 may have resembled that of those south of them, if one informant is 

 right in stating that they did not raise corn. By 1699, however, 

 Dickenson found cornfields from Cape Canaveral north (Swanton, 

 1922, p. 360). 



The situation in the interior, about Lake Okeechobee, was similar, 

 though from the following remarks of Fontaneda, confirmed by recent 

 studies by Stirling, it appears that some sort of seasonal migration 

 was made necessary by periods of high water : 



This lake is situated in the midst of the country, and is surrounded by a 

 great number of villages of from thirty to forty inhabitants each, who live on 

 bread made from roots during most of the year. They cannot procure it, how- 

 ever, when the waters of the lake rise very high. They have roots which resemble 

 the truffles of this country [Spain], and have besides excellent fish. Whenever 

 ^ame ia to be had, either deer, or birds, they eat meat. Large numbers of very 



