278 BUREiAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOOT [Boll. 137 



terebins, shell fish, and stingray, or scate, dried; gourds, melons, cucumbers, 

 squashes, pulse of all sorts; rockahomine meal, which is their maiz, made into 

 several sorts of bread ; ears of corn roasted in the summer, or preserved against 

 winter. (Lawson, 1860, pp. 290-291.) 



In the house of a Santee Indian, Lawson 



found great store of Indian peas (a very good pulse), beans, oil, chinkapin nuts, 

 corn, barbecued peaches, and peach bread, which peaches being made into a quid- 

 dony,** and so made up into loaves like barley cakes, these cut into thin slices, 

 and dissolved in water, makes a very grateful acid, and extraordinary benefi- 

 cial in fevers, as has often been tried and approved by our great English prac- 

 titioners. (Lawson, 1860, pp. 36-37.) 



One of his companions brought from the house of his Santee 

 father-in-law "some Indian maiz and peas, which are of reddish 

 color, and eat well, yet color the liquor they are boiled in as if it 

 were a lixivium of red tartar" (Lawson, 1860, p. 45). He found the 

 Congaree Indians supplied with great quantities of chinquapin and 

 hickory nuts (Lawson, 1860, p. 53). He mentions stewed peaches 

 again at the Waxhaw town, and found acorns in use by the Catawba, 

 and Cape Fear Indians. Some distance beyond the Catawba town, 

 toward the north, they came upon a pigeon roost, and he speaks of 

 the vast numbers of birds and the quantities killed by the Indians 

 (Lawson, 1860, p. 79). The Saponi were trapping beaver, but we 

 are left in doubt whether this was an ancient custom among them or 

 one stimulated by the whites. From the Tutelo, who lived then 

 somewhere west of the Yadkin, Lawson (1860, p. 85) heard of elk 

 and bison. Near the mouth of Cape Fear River salt was obtained 

 (Lawson, 1860, p. 125). 



Regarding peas and beans : 



We have the Indian rounceval, or miraculous peas, so called from their long 

 pods, and great increase. These are later peas, and require a pretty long 

 summer to ripen in. They are very good; and so are the bonavis, calavancies, 

 nanticokes, and abundance of other pulse, too tedious here to name, which we 

 found the Indians possessed of, when first we settled in America, some of which 

 sorts afford us two crops in one year; as the bonavis and colavancies, besides 

 several others of that kind. . . . The kidney beans were here before the 

 English came, being very plentiful in the Indian corn fields. (Lawson, 1860, 

 pp. 130-131.) 



The "calavancies" are, of course, the "garvances" of Strachey and 

 the "garnanses" of Smith. 



In the following passage we probably have reference to the China 

 briar or kunti : 



The small bamboo ... is a certain vine, like the rest of these species, 

 growing in low land. They seldom, with us, grow thicker than a man's little 



" A quiddony or quiddany was "a thick fruit-syrup or jelly ; originally and properly, 

 one made from quinces" (Murray). 



