SWANTON] INDIANS OP THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 325 



1904, vol. 2, p. 101; Kobertson, 1933, p. 113.) There were heads of 

 fierce bulls over one of the doorways at Casquin, west of the Missis- 

 sippi but near the great river, and shields of raw cowhide in the 

 neighboring town of Pacaha. Farther west, in the province of 

 Coligua, two cowhides were presented to the Spaniards, and in the 

 province of Tula, which seems to have been in close communication 

 with the Plains, they found the flesh of these animals and quantities 

 of their skins (Bourne, 1904, vol. 2,. p. 139; vol. 1, pp. 122, 133, 

 139, 140) . In the Caddo country of east Texas they found still more, 

 a fact which caused them to give this region the name "province of 

 herdsmen" (Garcilaso, 1723, p. 215). 



The following quotation from Spark, the chronicler of Sir John 

 Hawkins' voyage in 1565, may refer to the bison, though there is 

 some uncertainty about it : 



The Floridians haue pieces of vnicornes homes which they weare about 

 their necks, whereof the Frenchmen obteined many pieces (Hakluyt, 1847-89, 

 vol. 3, p. 615). 



Barlowe mentions "BufFe" skins among those taken in trade by 

 his people from the Indians of North Carolina (Burrage, 1906, p. 

 232), but Hariot, Smith, and Strachey make no reference to the ani- 

 mal, while Beverley (1705, bk. 2, p. 39) merely mentions bison among 

 those animals killed by "fire-hunting," i. e., in surrounds. In Dumont's 

 account of deer stalking given above, he says that the same technique 

 was employed with bison. 



In 1673 Gabriel Arthur visited a Yuchi town on the headwaters 

 of the Tennessee and he reports that "many homes like bulls horns 

 lye upon their dunghills" (Alvord, 1912, p. 213). In 1701, when 

 Lawson was in the Saponi village near the present Salisbury, N. C, 

 some Tutelo visited the place, and he says they were "strong and 

 robust" on account of the abundance of bison, bear, elk, and deer 

 in their country (Lawson, 1860, p. 85). In another place he speaks 

 of the uses to which the skin and hair of the animal were put, but 

 he does not localize this usage in any way (Lawson, 1860, p. 191). 

 However, in 1728 Byrd's party, while surveying the boundary line 

 between Virginia and North Carolina, met and killed a bull bison 

 near Sugar Tree Creek, which runs through Person County, N. C, 

 and Halifax County, Va., and they saw three of these animals and 

 the tracks of many more along the Hico (Bassett, 1901, pp. 166, 286). 



Somewhere in the Upper Creek country, near a big swamp, a party 

 of Chickasaw, whom Adair was accompanying to Charleston with 

 French prisoners, killed some bison, but Adair notes farther on that 

 bison were then becoming scarce owing to the wasteful manner in 

 which they were hunted (Adair, 1775, pp. 360, 445^46). And still, 

 Romans (1775, p. 68) speaks of bison flesh among the Chickasaw in 



