SWANTON] INGDIAN'S OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 345 



fortunately for the women, many of the longer expeditions were 

 made by canoe. 



The employment of dogs in hunting has been touched upon. 

 Some myths represent dogs as undertaking the hunting of game for 

 the benefit of sick masters, but this has no reference to the hunting 

 customs of human beings. There is one doubtful mention of the 

 use of dogs in chasing deer, and they seem to have rendered bear 

 hunters some assistance, as appears from a note by Adair as well as 

 information derived from modern Indians. (See pp. 323-324.) The 

 Alabama say that they used them in hunting rabbits and the Creeks 

 employed them in chasing squirrels, opossums, and raccoons, but 

 such services were evidently slight, and resort to them was probably 

 stimulated by white example. According to Morfi, the Caddo raised 

 to assist them in hunting "a certain kind of dog they call Juhine, 

 with long, sharp-pointed snout, and as cunning as its master," but 

 he seems to be quoting from Solis, w^ho says nothing about the use 

 to which these dogs were put. In the period of intertribal warfare, 

 dogs were, of course, of some utility as sentinels, and the towns 

 swarmed with them. In Guasili in the Cherokee mountains the 

 Spaniards were given 300. (Robertson, 1933, p. 102; Morfi, 1932, p. 

 44; Solis, 1931, p. 61; Swanton, 1942, pp. 134, 137.) 



Lawson (1860, p. 68) says, apropos of the treatment of dogs in ad- 

 vance of a feast in the Waxhaw tribe, that the dogs "are seemingly 

 wolves made tame with starving and beating, they being the worst 

 dog masters in the world; so that it is an infallible cure for sore 

 eyes, ever to see an Indian's dog fat." The chances are that he has 

 inverted cause and effect and that the dogs were made wild and 

 wolfish by starving and beating. My Alabama informant described 

 the old Indian dog as of medium size and with short hair. Within 

 the remembrance of Zach Cook, a Creek informant, there were three 

 varieties of dogs among the Indians, a short-haired, brindle dog 

 between a bulldog and a shepherd, a spotted dog, and "a big dog." 

 The first of these was a good hunter and had a good disposition. The 

 second had a bad disposition and was apt to bite. The third was of 

 small account. It is probable that only one of these was descended 

 from the Indian dog, but mixture with European breeds began early. 

 Bartram tells of a Seminole Indian who had trained a black dog 

 to keep watch of his horses and drive them for him. Speck (1909, p. 

 22) states that the Yuchi dogs seen by him were "mongrels showing 

 intermixture with every imaginable strain, but the wolfish appear- 

 ance and habits of many of them would suggest that their semi- 

 domestic ancestors were of the wolf breed." 



Byrd asserts that the Indians of Virginia, including specifically 

 the Saponi, knew how to tame wolf puppies "and use them about 



