382 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOOY [Bull. 13t 



turies. It was undoubtedly known to the natives, for Cartier found 

 it among the Hurons of St. Lawrence River in 1535, and tobacco 

 pipes occur in deposits antedating the visit of the Spaniards by cen- 

 turies. So far as the Southeast is concerned, we seem to hear of it 

 first in Le Moyne's narrative of the Huguenot colony in Florida and 

 in Spark's account of Hawkins' voyage, but it is probably signifi- 

 cant that the historians of the French colony (1564-65) do not men- 

 tion any use of it in connection with public ceremonies.-^^ Pareja 

 says that formulae were repeated over tobacco when a Timucua 

 hunting party was about to set forth, but this information applies 

 to a period about half a century later (Swanton, 1922, p. 384). 



Following are the references by Le Moyne and Spark. 



Le Moyne: 



They have a certain plant, whose name has escaped me, which the Bra- 

 zilians call petum (petun), and the Spaniards tapaco. The leaves of this, 

 carefully dried, they place in the wider part of a pipe; and setting them on 

 fire, and putting the other end in their mouths, they inhale the smoke so 

 strongly, that it comes out at their mouths and noses, and operates power- 

 fully to expel the humors. (Le Moyne, 1875, pp. 8-9 (illus.) ; Swanton, 1922, 

 p. 386.) 



Spark : 



The Floridians when they trauell, haue a kinde of herbe dried, who with a 

 cane and an earthen cup in the end, with fire, and the dried herbe put together 

 doe sucke thorow the cane and smoke thereof, which smoke satisfieth their 

 hunger, and therewith they liue foure or fine dayes without meat or drinke, 

 and this all the Frenchmen vsed for this purpose; yet do they hold opinion 

 withall, that it causeth water & fleame to void from their stomacks. (Hak- 

 luyt, 1847-89, vol. 3, p. 615; Swanton, 1922, p. 360.) 



Barlowe (1584) noted tobacco growing along with corn in the fields 

 of the Algonquian Indians of North Carolina (Burrage, 1906, p. 292), 

 and Hariot describes the use of it at some length : 



There is an herbe which is sowed a part of it selfe & is called by the inhabitants 

 Vppowoc: In the West Indies it hath diuers names, according to the seuerall 

 places & Countries where it groweth and is vsed : The Spaniardes generally call 

 it Tobacco. The leaues thereof being dried and brought into powder : they vse 

 to take the fume or smoke thereof by sucking it through pipes made of claie into 

 their stomacke and heade ; from whence it purgeth superfluous fleame & other 

 grosse humors, openeth all the pores & passages of the body: by which meanes 

 the vse thereof not only preserueth the body from obstructions ; but also if any 

 be, so that they haue not beene of too long continuance, in short time breaketh 

 them: whereby their bodies are notably preserued in health, & know not many 

 greeuous diseases wherewithall wee in England are oftentimes afllicted. 



This Vpp6woc is of so precious estimation amongest them, that they thinke 

 their gods are maruelously delighted therewith : Wherupon sometimes they make 

 hallowed fires & cast some of the ponder therein for a sacrifice : being in a storme 

 vppon the waters, to pacific theyr gods, they cast some vp into the aire and into 

 the water : so a weare for fish being newly set vp, they cast some into the aire : 

 also after an escai)e of danger, they cast some into the aire likewise: but all done 



^^^ See, however, Chicora ceremony on page 759. 



