416 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



end which reminds us somewhat of that in the temple of the Natchez. 

 Strachey mentions this also, and he states that the door of the temple 

 was toward the east. This was again like the Natchez temple, but 

 the inner chamber was opposite toward the west instead of south 

 like that of the Natchez (Beverley, 1705, bk. 3, pp. 27-30; Strachey, 

 1849, pp. 81-82) . The sacred buildings of the Delaware, one of which 

 still stands in Oklahoma, were probably of the same genus as these. 

 Perhaps there was some connection with the temporary structures put 

 up by the Chippewa for the ceremony of the Mide. Longhouses of the 

 type mentioned were also used throughout most of New England, 

 where their sacred character seems to have given way to some extent 

 to their employment as council houses. 



Seemingly the Algonquians of Carolina and Virginia did not have 

 radically distinct dwellings for summer and winter, but when it was 

 warm they raised the mats along the lower border of their wigwam 

 and thus converted it into an open arbor (Strachey, 1849, p. 70). 



Let us now turn our attention to the western margin of the South- 

 east, to the tribes along the low^er course of the Mississippi. 



A very good description of a Quapaw house is given by Joutel, 

 who passed through their four towns in 1687, and states that their 

 dwellings were all of one type. He was struck by the difference 

 between them and the houses of the Caddo. 



The village of the savages was built different from those we had seen 

 hitherto, since the cabins are long and dome-shaped ; they construct them 

 of long poles the larger ends of which they plant in the earth and bring [the 

 other ends] together so that the whole resembles an arbor, but they are very 

 large. They cover them with pieces of bark. Each cabin contains many fami- 

 lies, each of which has its own special fire. These cabins are much cleaner 

 than many we had seen ; but yet they were less generally so than those of the 

 Cenis and the Assonis and others in one particular; it is that the greater 

 Ijart of the Akansas lie on the ground like dogs, having only some skin laid 

 under them. (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, p. 442.) 



In the Quapaw town first visited by Marquette, however, a town 

 abandoned in Joutel's time, there were raised beds of the usual pat- 

 tern at the ends of the structure (Thwaites, 1897-1901, vol. 59, 

 p. 157). Joutel also tells us of scaffolds elevated to a height of 15 or 

 20 feet on which the Indians lay in order to be cooler and escape the 

 mosquitoes (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 3, p. 454) . 



No hint is given that clay was used in these structures or that 

 any of them were round, and therefore the house described later 

 by Dumont de Montigny as in use in this tribe and among the Yazoo 

 probably represents a later type unless, as is perhaps most probable, 

 he has made a mistake in extending their range so far up the Missis- 

 sippi. This description runs as follows: 



[The cabins] of the Arkansas and of the Yazoos are quite round and have 

 almost the shape of our ice houses (fflacUres). They are constructed of large. 



