438 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



Hariot figures a fenced town of the coast country of Carolina, and 

 says in his text : 



The townes of this contrie are in a maner like vnto those which are in Florida, 

 yet are they not soe stronge nor yet preserued with soe great care. They are com- 

 passed abowt with poles starcke faste in the grownd, but they are not verye 

 stronge. The entrance is verye narrowe as may be seene by this picture, which 

 is made accordinge to the forme of the towne of Pomeiooc. Ther are but few 

 howses therein, saue those which belonge to the kinge and his nobles. [PI. 77.] 

 (Hariot, 1893, pl. 19.) 



We hear little about forts in the Chesapeake Bay region except the 

 Tockwogh fort evidently built to protect that tribe from the Susque- 

 hanna. This is described as a 



pallizadoed towne, mantelled with the barkes of trees, with Scaffolds like 

 mounts, breasted about with Barks very formally. (Smith, John, 1907 ed., pp. 

 89, 149.) 



Beverley apparently draws very largely upon Hariot : 



Their fortifications consist only of a Palisado, of about ten or twelve foot 

 high; and when they would make themselves very safe, they treble the Pale. 

 They often encompass their whole Town : But for the most part only their Kings 

 Houses, and as many others as they judge suflacient to harbour all their People, 

 when an Enemy comes against them. They never fail to secure within their 

 Palisado, all their Religious Reliques, and the Remains of their Princes. Within 

 this Inclosure, they likewise take care to have a supply of Water, and to make 

 a place for a Fire, which they frequently dance round with great solemnity. 

 (Beverley, 1705, bk. 3, pp. 12-13.) 



The forts which figure so prominently in the Tuscarora war seem 

 to have been built after it began, and a runaway negro is said to have 

 been responsible for the best features in some of them. 



In his account of the first Tuscarora expedition, Barnwell says : 



They have lately built small forts at about a mile distance from one another 

 where ye men sleep all night & the women and children, mostly in the woods ; I 

 have seen 9 of these Forts and none of them a month old, & some not quite 

 finished. [He attacked the strongest of these and on carrying the stockade 

 found within] two Houses stronger than the fort which did puzzle us & do the 

 most damage. (S. C. Hist, and Genealog. Mag., 1900-12, vol. 9, p. 32.) 



King Hancock's fort he found 



strong as well by situation on the river's bank as Workmanship, having a large 

 Earthen Trench thrown up against the puncheons with 2 teer of port holes : the 

 lower teer they could stop at pleasure with plugs, & large limbs of trees lay 

 confusedly about it to make the approach intricate, and all about much with 

 large reeds & canes to run into people's legs. The Earthen work was so high 

 that it signified nothing to burn the puncheons, & it had 4 round Bastions or 

 Flankers ; the enemy says it was a runaway negro taught them to fortify thus, 

 named Harry, whom Dove Williamson sold into Virginia for roguery & since fled 

 to the Tuscaruros. (S. C. Hist, and Genealog. Mag., 1900-12, p. 43.) 



This appears later as that "Fort Noo-he-roo-ka," captured by ^loore in 

 the second Tuscarora expedition, and we have an outline and descrip- 



