SWANTON] INIDIAKS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 439 



tion of it in Moore's report of operations (S. C. Hist, and Genealog. 

 Mag., 1900-12, vol. 9, pp. 33^8). 



The Nottoway fort visited by William Byrd in April 1728, 



was a Square Piece of Ground, inclose'd with Substantial Puncheons, or Strong 

 Palisades, about ten feet high, and leaning a little outwards, to make a 

 Scalade more diflScult. Each side of the Square might be about 100 Yards long, 

 with Loopholes at proper Distances, through which they may fire upon the 

 Enemy. (Bassett, 1901, p. 114.) 



It would seem as if cane would not have been good material for a 

 stockade, yet Iberville states that the Bayogoula town on the lower 

 Mississippi "was surrounded by a palisade made entirely of canes, 1 

 inch apart and 10 feet in height, without a door to close it" (Margry, 

 1875-86, vol. 4, p. 169; Swanton, 1911, pp. 274r-275). But having a 

 doorway^ it would seem. The stockade reminds us that, when De Soto 

 was at Casqui near the present Helena, Ark., and had set up a cross 

 on the summit of a mound, the Indians "brought a great quantity of 

 cane, making a fence about it" (Bourne, 1904, vol. 2, p. 28). 



CLOTHING 



(Plates 64-70) 



MATERIALS 



Most of the garments of these Indians were made of the skins of 

 animals, though some were woven from threads of vegetable and 

 animal origin, some were of feathers, and a few natural vegetable 

 productions were used without modification. 



Deer hide was a major basis for clothing of all kinds and deer 

 sinew was utilized as thread throughout the entire Southeast. Ap- 

 parently the Indians least well supplied with these materials were 

 the small tribes along the southeastern coast of Florida. 



Bison robes are noted particularly among the Caddo, the Cherokee, 

 and the Natchez, and Adair (1775, p. 7) speaks of them as winter 

 garments of the Chickasaw women, but it is plain that they were 

 used at a somewhat earlier period by all of the tribes even including 

 some of those in the Florida peninsula. However, as there was 

 greater need for them toward the north and northwest and the ani- 

 mals were more abundant there, it is not surprising that most of our 

 specific references apply to those quarters. Nevertheless, Kimber 

 (1744, p. 16) mentions both bison and deer hide as materials used 

 by the Creeks of Georgia in the manufacture of their moccasins. 

 Bison hair was woven into belts, garters, and other similar articles, 

 and the Choctaw made a kind of fabric for women's clothing out of 

 bison hair and a kind of grass (Swanton, 1918, p. 68). 



Bear hides were also utilized largely in making heavy winter robes, 

 and again we hear of them more often in the north. They were also 



