462 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHXOLOOY [Bull. 137 



men, clothed in long white cloaks (French, 1846, pp. 61-62 ; Swanton, 

 1911, p. 260). Iberville and his companions observed that the Bayo- 

 goula men were "dressed only in a miserable deer or bear skin, which 

 covers them from the knees to the shoulders if the skin is very large," 

 but most were entirely naked (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 4, p. 259 ; Swanton, 

 1911, p. 276). His visit was made in the middle of March. Gravier 

 also notes "a wretched deerskin" as the principal Houma and Tunica 

 garment, but adds that sometimes the men, as well as the women "also 

 have mantles of turkey feathers or of muskrat skins well woven and 

 worked" (Shea, 1861, p. 134; Swanton, 1911, p. 317). The Koroa, 

 too, seem to have had an upper garment consisting of a deerskin 

 (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 1, pp. 558-559; Swanton, 1911, p. 328). 



In lieu of the drawers and trousers of European peoples, most of 

 the Gulf Indians wore at times garments sometimes called leggings 

 or boots by the English, the latter word evidently applied in some now 

 obsolete sense, and by the French mitasses. They were made in two 

 pieces, one wrapped around each leg and brought up high enough so 

 as to be fastened to the belt by means of leather cords, while at the 

 lower ends they were inserted under the upper edges of the moccasins. 

 Like the latter, they were used less about home than during excursions 

 to some distance and they were mainly intended to protect the wearer 

 from bushes and underbrush of various kinds. These were in use in 

 De Soto's time, as appears from Ranjel's statement that the Indians 

 of Cofitachequi "went clothed down to their feet with very fine skins 

 well dressed, and blankets of the country," and that they made "hose 

 and moccasins and leggings with ties of white leather" (Bourne, 1904, 

 vol. 2, p. 101) , although I am a little uncertain regarding the applica- 

 tion of the three terms last employed. The first and last would both 

 seem to apply to leggings. Elvas evidently means the same thing 

 when he says that these same people made of colored deerskins "pan- 

 taloons, hose and shoes" (Robertson, 1933, p. 93). Hariot neither 

 figures nor mentions this garment nor does Smith speak of it, but 

 Strachey says : 



True yt is sometymes in cold weather, or when they goe a hunting, or seeking 

 the fruits of the woods, or gathering bents for their matts, both men and women 

 (to defend them from the bushes and shrubs) put on a kynd of leather breeches 

 and stockings, all fastened togither, made of deere skynns, which they type and 

 wrappe about the loynes, after the fashion of the TurkeS or Irish trouses. 

 (Strachey, 1849, p. 65. 



In his plate 3, figure 2, Beverley (1705) shows an Indian wearing 

 breeches though they are almost covered up by his blanket. This 

 particular figure was not from White but from a Swiss traveler, 

 Francis Louis Michel, and is believed by Mr. Bushnell (1930, pp. 9-10) 

 to have been intended to represent a Monacan, i. e., Siouan Indian 



