468 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



general custom for the warriors to go bareheaded. At the northern camps 

 (Muskogee), a kerchief bound about the head frequently takes the place of 

 the turban in everyday life, but on dress or festive occasions, at both the 

 northern and the southern settlements, this curious turban is the customary 

 covering for the head of the Seminole brave. Having no pockets in his dress, 

 he has discovered that the folds of his turban may be put to a pocket's uses. 

 Those who use tobacco (I say "those" because the tobacco habit is by no means 

 universal among the red men of Florida) frequently carry their pipes and 

 other articles in their turbans. 



When the Seminole warrior makes his rare visits to the white man's settle- 

 ments, he frequently adds to his scanty camp dress leggins and moccasins. 



In the camps I saw but one Indian wearing leggins; he, however, is in 

 every way a peculiar character among his people, and is objectionably favor- 

 able to the white man and the white man's ways. . . . The materials of 

 which the leggins of the Seminole are usually made is buckskin. I saw, how- 

 ever, one pair of leggins made of a bright red flannel, and ornamented along 

 the outer seams with a blue and white cross striped braid. The moccasins, 

 also, are made of buckskin, of either a yellow or dark red color. They are 

 made to lace high about the lower part of the leg, the lacing running from 

 below the instep upward. As showing what changes are going on among the 

 Seminole, I may mention that a few of them possess shoes, and one is even 

 the owner of a pair of frontier store boots. The blanket is not often worn by 

 the Florida Indians. Occasionally, in their cool weather, a small shawl, of 

 the kind made to do service in the turban, is thrown about the shoulders. 

 Of tener a piece of calico or white cotton cloth, gathered about the neck, becomes 

 the extra protection against mild coolness in their winters. (MacCauley, 1887, 

 pp. 483-485.) 



Among the effects of the famous Osceola were 



four black and two white ostrich feathers, large silk shawl used for head 

 dress, a splendid belt made of ornamented beads, an Indian belt ornamented 

 with beads, a blue guard made of beads, three silver gorgets, and a hair brush 

 with a glass mirror on the back. (Foreman, 1932, p. 358, footnote.) 



Thirty years after MacCauley, Skmner found that the costume had 

 changed but little: 



The regular everyday dress of the Seminole man consists of a bright, vari- 

 colored, calico shirt, narrow at the waist and wrists, with the expanding skirt 

 reaching to the knees. Around the neck are usually worn a number of ban- 

 dana handkerchiefs. The older men wear a shirt much move like the correspond- 

 ing garment of civilization, which is not gathered at the waist. The elders also 

 usually wear a turban made of a shawl or a series of bandanas wound together 

 and held in place with a broad band of beaten silver. On special occasions, 

 egrets or other plumes are thrust under the band at the sides. 



The ceremonial costume consists of a turban, a shirt of the everyday sort, 

 though silk is used for gala apparel, a calico coat with designs in appliqu6, deer- 

 skin leggings dyed a rich reddish brown, and moccasins that often have a 

 round flap at the toe, which, except that it is soft, reminds one of the protec- 

 tors on Apache moccasins. 



To this costume is added an array of woven bead or yarn belts. The 

 beaded belts are woven in angular figures, in contradistinction to the other- 

 wise similar circular designs of the Creeks, and usually symbolizing some 

 life form. 



