SWANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTEiRN UNIITE'D STATES 491 



of the De Luna expedition to the Upper Creeks in 1559-60, nor in 

 the narratives of Juan Pardo, 1566-67. In our accounts of the 

 Huguenot colony in Florida, 1564r-65, however, there is abundant 

 evidence of the use of this metal, though perhaps fewer references 

 than to gold and silver since the readers of these narratives were less 

 interested in the baser metal. Besides the extensive use of metallic 

 ornaments indicated in Le Moyne's illustrations, we read in Ribault's 

 report of an Indian who wore about his neck "a round plate of red 

 copper, well polished, with a small one of silver hung in the middle 

 of it ; and on his ears a small plate of copper, with which they wipe 

 the sweat from their bodies." He also mentions copper among the 

 metals obtained in trade. (French, 1875, p. 178; Swanton, 1922, p. 

 350.) Spark tells us that, while the Frenchmen had been unable to 

 learn anything of mines of gold or silver, mines of copper had been 

 reported to them though there is no indication where these were sup- 

 posed to be located. 



Copper beads seem to have been worn in considerable profusion 

 by the Indians of the North Carolina coast, and Hariot also men- 

 tions copper gorgets, while men and women of the upper classes had 

 pieces of this metal hanging in their ears or hair, a custom found 

 equally in Virginia (Hariot, 1893, pi. 7; Burrage, 1906, pp. 232-233). 

 From Lane's account it would appear that copper came principally 

 through the Nottoway tribe from a province 20 days journey to the 

 northwest called Chaunis Temoatan. 



It is a thing most notorious to all the countrey, that there is a Province to 

 which the said Mangoaks have recourse and trafique up that River of 

 Moratoc, which hath a marvellous and most strange minerall. This mine is so 

 notorious amongst them, as not onely to the Savages dwelling up the said river, 

 and also to the Savages of Chowanook, and all them to the Westward, but also 

 to all of them of the maine: the Countreis name is of fame, and is called 

 Chaunis Temoatan. 



The Minerall they say is Wassador, which is copper, but they call by the name 

 of Wassador every mettall whatsoever ; they say it is of the colour of our copper, 

 but our copper is better than theirs : and the reason is for that it is redder and 

 harder, whereas that of Chaunis Temoatan is very soft, and pale : they say that 

 they take the saide mettall out of a river that falleth very swift from hie rockes 

 and hils, and they take it in shallow water: the maner is this. They take a 

 great bowle by their description as great as one of our targets, and wrappe a 

 skinne over the hollow parte thereof, leaving one part open to receive in the 

 minerall: that done, they watch the comming downe of the current, and the 

 change of the colour of the water, and then suddenly chop downe the said bowle 

 with the skinne, and receive into the same as much oare as will come in, which 

 is ever as much as their bowle will holde, which presently they cast into a fire, 

 and foorthwith it melteth, and doeth yeelde in five parts at the first melting, two 

 parts of metall for three partes of oare. Of this metall the Mangoaks have so 

 great store, by report of all the Savages adjoyning, that they beautify their 

 houses with greate plates of the same : and this to be true, I received by report 

 of all the countrey, and particularly by yong Skiko, the King of Chowanooks 



