498 BUREATJ OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [Bull. 137 



prongs are used as punches to make raised lines and bosses, and the only other 

 tool which was seen or collected, besides those described, was a crude blow-pipe 

 used in the manufacture of the plain finger-rings which are much worn by the 

 Indians. (Skinner, 1913, pp. 74-76.) 



A few notes on the use of metal ornaments by the Caddo are given 

 in Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 132 (Swanton, 1942, pp. 

 145-146). 



MANNER OF DRESSING THE HAIR 



By most Southeastern Indians, the hair was carefully removed 

 from all parts of the body but the head. Exceptions are found most 

 often in the eastern part of the territory under consideration. Gar- 

 cilaso says that a place or province in southern Georgia, probably on 

 the Ocmulgee River, was governed by "an old man, with a full beard" 

 (Bourne, 1904, vol. 2, p. 91). Spelman (1609-10) says beards were 

 worn by some Powhatan priests (Smith, John, Arber ed., 1884, p. 

 cxiii). In 1650 the discoverer of New Britain (eastern North Caro- 

 lina) noted "many of the people of Blandina [Roanoke] River to have 

 beards" (Alvord, 1912, pp. 126-127), and mention is made by Lawson 

 of mustaches and whiskers seen among the Keyauwee, which he notes 

 as a rare custom "since the Indians are a people that commonly pull 

 the hair of their faces and other parts, up by the roots and suffer 

 none to grow" (Lawson, 1860, p. 91). Adair describes this process 

 somewhat at length : 



Both sexes pluck all the hair off their bodies, with a kind of tweezers, made 

 formerly of clam-shells, now of middle-sized wire, in the shape of a gun-worm; 

 which, being twisted round a small stick, and the ends fastened therein, after 

 being properly tempered, keeps its form ; holding this Indian razor between their 

 fore-finger and thumb, they deplume themselves, after the manner of the Jewish 

 novitiate priests and proselytes. (Adair, 1775, p. 6.) 



But, in speaking of the customs of the Acolapissa, the French trav- 

 eler Penicaut tells us that they removed their hair "by means of the 

 ashes of shell and hot water" (Penicaut in Margry, 1875-86, vol. 5, 

 pp. 468-469; Swanton, 1911, p. 282). 



Women usually allowed their hair to grow long except during 

 times of mourning, when they might cut or singe it off, though the 

 women of certain tribes merely allowed it to remain disheveled. 

 Barlowe says that those of the North Carolina coast, unlike the men, 

 let their hair grow long on both sides (Burrage, 1906, p. 231). 

 Hariot, speaking of the same region, and specifically of the Indians 

 of Secotan, informs us that they cut their hair short in front and 

 allowed the rest, which was "not ouer Longe," to hang down about 

 their shoulders. Roanoke Indian girls of the upper classes wore 

 their hair "cutt with two ridges aboue their foreheads." The rest "is 

 trussed upp on a knott behind," as was the usage among women of 

 another town, Pomeioc (Hariot, 1893, pis. 4, 6, 8). 



