SwANTON] INIDIANS OF THE SOUTHEiA-STERN UNHTED STATES 499 



According to Percy, unmarried Powhatan girls had "the fore part 

 of their head and sides shaven close, the hinder part very long, which 

 they tie in a pleate hanging downe to their hips." The married 

 women, on tlie other hand, allowed all of their hair to grow the same 

 length though they tied it in the same manner (Narr. Early Va., Tyler 

 ed., 1907, p. 19). Strachey noted both feathers and flowers in the hair 

 of Powhatan women, but the use of feathers by women was not as com- 

 mon as is supposed by white romancers (Strachey, 1849, p. 57). 



Lawson (1860, p. 310) found that the eastern Siouan women made 

 their hair into "a long roll like a horse's tail," which they bound with 

 strings of roanoke, wampum, or a simple leather thong. Catesby, who 

 had visited both the Siouan tribes and the Chickasaw, says that the 

 w^omen sometimes rolled it up "in a bunch to the crown of their head, 

 others braid it, and bind it with wreaths of peak and roanoak" (Cates- 

 by 1731-43, vol. 2, p. Lx) . When preparing for war 



they dress in their greatest gallantry, daubing their hair with bear's-fat and the 

 juice of the puckoon-root, and another red root, sticking therein the wings and 

 feathers of birds, besides rings of copper, Peak and Wampum in their ears, at the 

 same time painting their faces in various manner, sometimes red, with a circle 

 of black round one eye, others have one side of their face red and the other black, 

 whilst others daub their faces with white clay, black lead, and other colours. This 

 they do not only to terrify their enemies, but that they should not be known 

 again ; for in all their hostilities against the English, the savages always ap- 

 peared in this disguise. (Catesby, 1731-43, vol. 2, p. ix.) 



He says elsewhere, not referring specifically to war customs, that 

 some Indian men "strow their heads usually with the down of Swans" 

 (Cateby, 1831-43, vol. 2, p. viii). 



Michel (1906, p. 130) observed that the Monacan women wore their 

 hair long and that the "queen" as well as the "king, princes, and nobles," 

 on ceremonial occasions wore "crowns" or tiaras consisting of 

 beads strung on bark. These will be described presently. Tuscarora 

 women and men of the better sort wore copper ornaments in their hair 

 (Alyord, 1912, p. 162). Byrd, on his visit to the Nottoway town in 

 1728, found that the girls' long hair was "breeded with white and Blue 

 Peak, and hung gracefully in a large Roll upon their sholders" 

 (Bassett, 1901,p. 96). 



Le Moyne represents Florida women with hair entirely loose and 

 without ornament, but according to Pare j a a palm leaf hat was some- 

 times placed on their heads (Gatschet, 1877-80, vol. 17, pp. 500-501 ; 

 Swanton, 1922, p. 387). Women among the Cherokee wore their hair 

 long "club'd, and ornamented with ribbons of various colors" (Tim- 

 berlake, Williams ed., 1927, p. 77). The Creek women, so Bartram 

 (1792, p. 501) informs us, "never cut their hair, but plait it in wreaths, 

 which are turned up, and fastened on the crown with a silver broach, 

 forming a wreathed top -knot, decorated with an incredible quantity 



