SwANTON] INDIANS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 501 



Iberville observes that Bayogoula women wore their hair wrapped 

 around their heads in a queue (or bundle) (Margry, 1875-86, vol. 4, 

 p. 275), and Gravier that Tunica women had "a great tress of hair on 

 the back which hangs down below the waist ; they also make a crown 

 of it around the head." (Shea, 1861, p. 134; Swanton, 1911, pp. 316- 

 317.) Gatschet's Chitimacha informant told him that the women of 

 that tribe used to wear their hair "in plaits or tresses ornamented with 

 plumes" (Gatschet, 1883, p. 6; Swanton, 1911, p. 345), but the use 

 of feathers by Indian women was certainly rare. 



Of the Caddo women, Joutel tells us that they parted their hair 

 in front and fastened it carefully behind (Joutel in Margry, 1875-86, 

 vol. 3, p. 413). 



Methods of wearing the hair varied more from tribe to tribe among 

 the men than among the women, but there was a definite reason for 

 this which Adair thus indicates: 



Every different nation when at war [he says] trim their hair after a different 

 manner, through contempt of each other ; thus we can distinguish an enemy in 

 the woods, so far off as we can see him. (Adair, 1775, p. 8.) 



The main fact is confirmed by Dumont de Montigny, in its appli- 

 cation to the Mississippi River tribes (Dumont, 1753, p. 136 ; Swanton, 

 1911, p. 51). 



Hariot informs us that the men belonging to the Algonquian tribes 

 on the North Carolina coast let their hair grow long on either side 

 of the head and bound it up in knots under the ears or at the back 

 of the head, but cut it short in the middle forming a roach, or 

 "cockscomb," like some of the western tribes. It is interesting to 

 note that the priests in this region retained the roach, but cut their 

 hair short at the sides except that they left hair above their fore- 

 head "in manner of a perriwigge." And the conjurers wore it in 

 the same manner (Hariot, 1893, pis. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11). This means 

 that the priest's coiflfure was like that of the ordinary Creek Indian. 

 Barlowe, however, tells us that other Indian males wore their hair 

 long on one side, in which case their manner of dressing the hair 

 was identical with that of the Powhatans. He observed on the head 

 of Granganimeo, the brother of a Carolina chief, "a broad plate of 

 gold or copper, for being unpolished we knew not what metall it 

 should be'' (Burrage, 1906, p. 232), and other leading men had sim- 

 ilar pieces of copper on the head. This distinction somewhat sug- 

 gests Garcilaso's assertion that feathers indicated difference in rank, 

 and, indeed, Hariot observed that the chief men of the Sound region 

 of North Carolina had a long feather at the front of the roach and 

 two others at each side, one above each ear (Hariot, 1893, pi. 3). 



Powhatan priests, according to Spelman, 



are shauen on y^ right side of ther head close to the scull only a little locke 

 leaft at y* eare and sum of thes haue beards. But y* common people haue 



